Most of known light-scattering technologies, which allow one to separate spherical from non-spherical single particles, utilize either analysis of 2D light-scattering pattern or depolarization of light scattered. Both approaches force one to use high-sensitive detectors to provide a suitable signal to noise ratio for two-dimensionless photo matrix or for optical system with crossed polarizers. In this study, we introduce the method for discrimination of spherical and non-spherical single particles. The approach is based on measurement of leading, most intensive, element S₁₁ of light-scattering matrix. To provide maximal signal to noise ratio we specified the light-scattering profile (LSP) in terms of integrated over azimuthal angle S₁₁ as a function of polar scattering angle. The shape-sensitive vector-invariant for individual spherical particles was constructed from the parameters of LSP spectrum. The vector-invariant plays a role of the numerical criterion to identify spherical particles from LSPs. It can be applied to find a sphere with characteristics ranging from 16.5 to 70 and from 0.5 to 7.0 for size and phase-shift parameters respectively (size parameter α = πdn₀/λ, where d – sphere diameter, λ – wavelength of the incident light, and n₀ – medium refractive index, RI, phase-shift parameter ρ = 2α(m − 1), where relative RI m = n/n₀ and n is the sphere RI). These ranges cover all possible characteristics of blood cells within the visible region of wavelengths. The ability of the vector-invariant to recognize spherical cells among non-spherical ones was tested theoretically by LSP databases of optical models of platelets and mature red blood cells. Moreover, experimentally the vector-invariant demonstrated good performance in searching of near-perfect spheres among milk fat globules, isolated nuclei of mononuclear cells, and completely spherized cells in a course of red blood cell lysis.

大多数已知的光散射技术都允许人们将球形颗粒与非球形单个颗粒分开，它们利用了二维光散射图案的分析或散射光的去极化。两种方法都迫使一个人使用高灵敏度的检测器来为二维光电矩阵或带有交叉偏振器的光学系统提供合适的信噪比。在这项研究中，我们介绍了区分球形和非球形单个粒子的方法。该方法基于对光散射矩阵中最重要的元素S ₁₁的测量。为了提供最大的信噪比，我们根据方位角S ₁₁上的积分指定了光散射曲线（LSP）作为极性散射角的函数。根据LSP谱的参数构造了单个球形颗粒的形状敏感矢量不变式。不变向量起着数值标准的作用，可以从LSP中识别出球形颗粒。可以用于找到尺寸和相移参数分别为16.5至70和0.5至7.0的球（尺寸参数α= πdn ₀ /λ，其中d –球体直径，λ–波长）入射光和n ₀ –中等折射率RI，相移参数ρ=2α（m  − 1），其中相对RI m  =  n / n ₀和n是球体RI）。这些范围涵盖了波长可见区域内血细胞的所有可能特征。理论上，通过血小板和成熟红细胞光学模型的LSP数据库测试了矢量不变体识别非球形细胞中球形细胞的能力。此外，实验证明，在红细胞裂解过程中，矢量不变型在搜索乳脂球，单个核细胞的分离核以及完全球形的细胞中的近乎完美的球体方面表现出良好的性能。