Efficient and reliable energy storage systems are crucial for our modern society. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with excellent performance are widely used in portable electronics and electric vehicles (EVs), but frequent fires and explosions limit their further and more widespread applications. This review summarizes aspects of LIB safety and discusses the related issues, strategies, and testing standards. Specifically, it begins with a brief introduction to LIB working principles and cell structures, and then provides an overview of the notorious thermal runaway, with an emphasis on the effects of mechanical, electrical, and thermal abuse. The following sections examine strategies for improving cell safety, including approaches through cell chemistry, cooling, and balancing, afterwards describing current safety standards and corresponding tests. The review concludes with insights into potential future developments and the prospects for safer LIBs.

高效可靠的储能系统对我们现代社会至关重要。性能卓越的锂离子电池（LIB）已广泛用于便携式电子产品和电动汽车（EV），但是频繁发生的火灾和爆炸限制了它们的进一步广泛的应用。这篇综述总结了LIB安全性的各个方面，并讨论了相关问题，策略和测试标准。具体而言，它首先简要介绍了LIB的工作原理和电池结构，然后概述了臭名昭著的热失控，重点是机械，电气和热滥用的影响。以下各节介绍了提高电池安全性的策略，包括通过电池化学，冷却和平衡的方法，然后介绍了当前的安全标准和相应的测试。