Metal substrate has significant functions in regulating Li/Na deposit behaviors to inhibit dendrite growth, but most alloyable metal foils such as Al, Sn, Zn suffer from severe low energy efficiency upon charge/discharge. Herein, it is demonstrated a novel room-temperature alloying strategy to enable commercial Sn foil as hybrid anode/current collector in Li and Na metal batteries. By introducing tiny Hg into Sn foil, the spontaneous alloying reaction afford uniform distribution of Hg into the entire Sn foil, forming a hexagonal Sn_0.9Hg_0.1 amalgam phase. Compared to pristine metallic β-Sn, this binary alloy electrode allows highly reversible Li/Na diffusion within the foil, and thus considerably promotes the efficiency of Li/Na utilization as well as the inhibition of dendric morphologies. Prototype cell configurations composed of both LiFePO₄|Sn-Hg and Na_xFe[Fe(CN)₆]|Sn-Hg demonstrate stable lifespan over 1000 cycles with high Coulombic efficiency. In addition, this facile room-temperature alloying process has been successfully extended to Zn foil, indicating it can be a universal strategy to design versatile polynary alloy electrodes for alkali metal batteries.

金属基材在调节Li / Na沉积行为以抑制枝晶生长方面具有重要作用，但是大多数可合金化金属箔（例如Al，Sn，Zn）在充电/放电时会严重降低能量效率。在此，证明了一种新颖的室温合金化策略，该策略使商用锡箔能够用作锂和钠金属电池中的混合阳极/集电器。通过将微量的Hg引入Sn箔中，自发的合金化反应使Hg均匀分布到整个Sn箔中，从而形成六方Sn _0.9 Hg _0.1汞齐相。与原始金属β-Sn相比，这种二元合金电极可在箔内实现高度可逆的Li / Na扩散，从而大大提高了Li / Na利用效率并抑制了树枝状形态。由LiFePO ₄ | Sn-Hg和Na _x Fe [Fe（Fe（CN）₆ ] | Sn-Hg组成的原型电池构型在1000次循环中显示出稳定的寿命，具有高库仑效率。此外，这种方便的室温合金化工艺已成功地扩展到Zn箔，这表明设计用于碱金属电池的多功能多元合金电极可能是一种通用策略。