Abstract This paper presents a review of Late Quaternary climatic changes and glacier variability in the Himalaya and East Africa, focusing on the role of Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM), East African monsoon, and Westerlies monsoons. Multi-proxy studies which are based on five different archives (lakes, peat bogs, speleothems, marine sediments, and ice cores) including sixty-six records from India and nearby regions, particularly in the Himalaya and in addition to six archives from the equatorial Eastern part of Africa encompasses with high-resolution published and unpublished records for the last 50 ka BP. The proxy data is discussed towards REMO-ESM model Coupled Model Intercomprasion Project phase 5 (CMIP5 Project) results. Our results indicate that both Western Himalaya and East Africa had undergone mega-droughts from ~17.0–15.0 ka BP, and precipitation had increased during the Early Holocene (10.0–7.0 Ka BP) during the time span when the Westerlies dominated regions. The model results suggest that the Westerlies monsoon has significantly contributed to the Northwestern Himalaya and somewhat to a lesser degree to the Western Himalaya and lower solar insolation in the winters did support the glacier advance during the LGM. The time series from the proxy data are compared with glacier fluctuations in different valleys to understand the response of the aforementioned monsoon system including other forcing factors which drive these variabilities. The review results indicate that the Westerlies was the main driver of the climate and glacier fluctuations in Northwestern Himalaya during the Late Quaternary. The Early and Late Holocene glacier fluctuation was mainly controlled by Westerlies precipitation in Northwestern Himalaya and the ISM controlled the glacier fluctuations in the Western Himalaya during Late Quaternary.

中文翻译：

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印度夏季风和西风带对晚第四纪喜马拉雅和东非冰川变化的作用：回顾和新数据

摘要 本文综述了喜马拉雅山和东非地区晚第四纪气候变化和冰川变率，重点关注印度夏季风 (ISM)、东非季风和西风季风的作用。基于五个不同档案（湖泊、泥炭沼泽、洞穴、海洋沉积物和冰芯）的多代理研究，包括来自印度和附近地区的 66 条记录，特别是在喜马拉雅山，此外还有来自赤道的 6 条档案非洲东部地区包含最近 50 ka BP 的高分辨率已发表和未发表记录。针对 REMO-ESM 模型耦合模型互比项目第 5 阶段（CMIP5 项目）结果讨论代理数据。我们的结果表明，西喜马拉雅山和东非都经历了约 17.0-15.0 ka BP 的特大干旱，在早全新世（10.0-7.0 Ka BP）西风带主导地区的时间跨度内，降水增加。模型结果表明，西风季风对喜马拉雅西北部的影响很大，对喜马拉雅西部的影响较小，冬季较低的太阳日照确实支持了 LGM 期间冰川的推进。将来自代理数据的时间序列与不同山谷的冰川波动进行比较，以了解上述季风系统的响应，包括驱动这些变化的其他强迫因素。综述结果表明，西风带是晚第四纪喜马拉雅西北部气候和冰川波动的主要驱动力。