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Exploring the extensive crosstalk between the antagonistic cytokines- TGF-β and TNF-α in regulating cancer pathogenesis
Cytokine ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155348
Subhra Dash 1 , Anirudha K Sahu 1 , Abhilasha Srivastava 1 , Rajdeep Chowdhury 1 , Sudeshna Mukherjee 1
Affiliation  

A plethora of cytokines are produced in the tumor microenvironment (TME) those play a vital role in cancer prognosis. Though it is completely contextual, cytokines produced from an inflammatory micro-environment can either modulate cancer progression at early stages of tumor development or in later stages cytokine derived cues can in turn control tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Therefore, understanding the crosstalk between the key cytokines regulating cancer prognosis is critical for the development of an effective therapy. In this regard, the role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) in cancer is controversially discussed in general inhibition of TGF-β promotes de novo tumorigenesis whereas paradoxically, TGF-β can promote malignancy in already established tumors. Another important cytokine, TNF-α have intense crosstalk with TGF-β from the fact that in a non-cancer context, TGF-β promotes fibrosis whereas TNF-α has anti-fibrotic activity. We have recently reported that TGF-β-induced differentiation of epithelial cells to mesenchymal type is suppressed by TNF-α through regulation of cellular homeostatic machinery- autophagy. Moreover, there are also rare reports of synergy between these two cytokines as well. The crosstalk between TGF-β and TNF-α is not only limited to regulating cancer cell differentiation and proliferation but also includes involvement in cell death. In this review, we hence summarize the molecular mechanisms by which these two important cytokines, TGF-β and TNF-α control cancer prognosis.

中文翻译:

探索拮抗细胞因子-TGF-β和TNF-α在调节癌症发病机制中的广泛串扰

在肿瘤微环境 (TME) 中会产生过多的细胞因子,这些细胞因子在癌症预后中起着至关重要的作用。虽然它完全是上下文相关的,但炎症微环境产生的细胞因子可以在肿瘤发展的早期阶段调节癌症进展,或者在后期细胞因子衍生的线索可以反过来控制肿瘤细胞的侵袭和转移。因此,了解调节癌症预后的关键细胞因子之间的串扰对于开发有效的治疗方法至关重要。在这方面,转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)在癌症中的作用是有争议的,一般抑制TGF-β促进从头肿瘤发生,而矛盾的是,TGF-β可以促进已经建立的肿瘤的恶性肿瘤。另一种重要的细胞因子,TNF-α 与 TGF-β 具有强烈的串扰,因为在非癌症环境中,TGF-β 促进纤维化,而 TNF-α 具有抗纤维化活性。我们最近报道了 TGF-β 诱导的上皮细胞向间充质类型的分化被 TNF-α 通过调节细胞稳态机制 - 自噬来抑制。此外,也很少有关于这两种细胞因子之间协同作用的报道。TGF-β和TNF-α之间的串扰不仅限于调节癌细胞的分化和增殖,还包括参与细胞死亡。因此,在这篇综述中,我们总结了这两种重要的细胞因子 TGF-β 和 TNF-α 控制癌症预后的分子机制。我们最近报道了 TGF-β 诱导的上皮细胞向间充质类型的分化被 TNF-α 通过调节细胞稳态机制 - 自噬来抑制。此外,也很少有关于这两种细胞因子之间协同作用的报道。TGF-β和TNF-α之间的串扰不仅限于调节癌细胞的分化和增殖,还包括参与细胞死亡。因此,在这篇综述中,我们总结了这两种重要的细胞因子 TGF-β 和 TNF-α 控制癌症预后的分子机制。我们最近报道了 TGF-β 诱导的上皮细胞向间充质类型的分化被 TNF-α 通过调节细胞稳态机制 - 自噬来抑制。此外,也很少有关于这两种细胞因子之间协同作用的报道。TGF-β和TNF-α之间的串扰不仅限于调节癌细胞的分化和增殖,还包括参与细胞死亡。因此,在这篇综述中,我们总结了这两种重要的细胞因子 TGF-β 和 TNF-α 控制癌症预后的分子机制。TGF-β和TNF-α之间的串扰不仅限于调节癌细胞的分化和增殖,还包括参与细胞死亡。因此,在这篇综述中,我们总结了这两种重要的细胞因子 TGF-β 和 TNF-α 控制癌症预后的分子机制。TGF-β和TNF-α之间的串扰不仅限于调节癌细胞的分化和增殖,还包括参与细胞死亡。因此,在这篇综述中,我们总结了这两种重要的细胞因子 TGF-β 和 TNF-α 控制癌症预后的分子机制。
更新日期:2021-02-01
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