The current work focuses on understanding the effect of different ultrasonic reactors on the recovery of lactose using crystallization. Three different scales of operations selected in the work include laboratory scale, medium scale and pilot scale based on the different reactor configurations. Ultrasonic bath (25 kHz) showed higher recovery of 90.3 ± 0.3 % for 20 min of sonication as compared to ultrasonic horn (20 kHz) with recovery of 88.8 ± 0.6 % with a standing time of 24 h in both the cases. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) demonstrated the significant dominance of all the factors studied on the response (recovery). The dual frequency ultrasound reactor (22 + 44 kHz) proved to be more efficient in delivering higher recovery values as compared to ultrasonic bath in the case of large scale systems with maximum recovery of 91.3 ± 0.9 %. The recovery of ethanol used as antisolvent was performed using distillation and the reusability of ethanol was studied. It was demonstrated that ethanol could be very well recycled, which is an important aspect at large scale operation. Overall, a systematic study helped in elucidating the role of ultrasonic parameters and reactor configuration in deciding an energy efficient and economical approach for maximum lactose recovery.

当前的工作集中在理解不同的超声反应器对使用结晶法回收乳糖的影响。在工作中选择的三种不同的操作规模包括基于不同反应堆配置的实验室规模，中型规模和中试规模。与超声变幅杆（20 kHz）相比，超声浴（25 kHz）在20分钟的声波处理下回收率更高，为90.3±0.3％，在两种情况下，静置时间为24 h的回收率均为88.8±0.6％。方差分析（ANOVA）证明了在响应（恢复）方面研究的所有因素均具有显着优势。在大型系统中，双频率超声反应器（22 + 44 kHz）与超声浴相比，在提供更高的回收率方面效率更高，最大回收率为91.3±0.9％。通过蒸馏回收用作抗溶剂的乙醇，并研究了乙醇的可重复使用性。事实证明，乙醇可以很好地回收利用，这是大规模操作中的重要方面。总的来说，一项系统的研究有助于阐明超声参数和反应器配置在决定最大乳糖回收率​​的节能高效方法方面的作用。