Abstract

A new biomass-based carbonaceous adsorbent has been developed from Pongamia pinnata and its effect upon nickel modification- and adsorption-coupled ultrasonication was investigated. Adsorption experiment of the model oil constituting 50 ppm dibenzothiophene in cyclohexane showed the maximum capacity as 8.11, 13.36, and 17.15 mg·g⁻¹ for the commercial carbon DARCO, virgin bio-adsorbent PP, and nickel-modified adsorbent Ni@PP, respectively, with the time required for attaining equilibrium being the fastest in Ni@PP (120 min). The significant effect of ultrasonication was in attaining faster kinetics where ~ 96–98% removal was achieved in only 30 min. Also, the developed adsorbents had a very good specific surface area of 915 and 677 m²·g⁻¹, respectively, for PP and Ni@PP. Investigation of the effect of higher initial sulfur concentration (200 ppm) indicated the significance of Ni modification, where a very high capacity of 66.18 mg·g⁻¹ for Ni@PP was attained against 30.90 mg·g⁻¹ for PP and 13.18 mg·g⁻¹ for DARCO. Ni@ PP was also effective for the simultaneous removal of more refractory sulfur fractions from multicomponent model fuel systems and exhibited good regeneration ability till the fourth cycles or more. Cost estimation showed that the developed adsorbents are relatively ten times cheaper than commercial carbon, while the fixed-bed study indicated a breakthrough time of 250 min and 270 min for PP and Ni@PP, respectively.

Graphic abstract

中文翻译：

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镍改性水黄多孔材料液体燃料脱硫研究

摘要

一种新型的基于生物质的碳质吸附剂已经从水黄皮中开发出来，并研究了它对镍改性和吸附耦合超声处理的影响。环己烷中含有 50 ppm 二苯并噻吩的模型油的吸附实验表明，商用碳 DARCO、原始生物吸附剂 PP 和镍改性吸附剂 Ni@PP 的最大容量分别为 8.11、13.36 和 17.15 mg·g ^-1，达到平衡所需的时间在 Ni@PP 中最快（120 分钟）。超声波处理的显着效果在于获得更快的动力学，仅 30 分钟即可实现约 96-98% 的去除。此外，所开发的吸附剂对于PP和Ni@PP具有非常好的比表面积，分别为915和677 m ² ·g ^-1 。对较高初始硫浓度（200 ppm）影响的研究表明了 Ni 改性的重要性，其中Ni@PP 获得了66.18 mg·g ^{-1的极高容量，而 PP 为 30.90 mg·g -1}，Ni@PP 为 13.18 mg ·g ^-1对于DARCO。 Ni@PP还可以有效地同时从多组分模型燃料系统中去除更多的难熔硫馏分，并且在第四次或更多次循环之前表现出良好的再生能力。成本估算表明，所开发的吸附剂比商业碳便宜十倍，而固定床研究表明 PP 和 Ni@PP 的突破时间分别为 250 分钟和 270 分钟。

图文摘要