In this study, the physical foundations of the combined acoustic-electric method are examined for testing layered materials, as well as materials with defects in the form of solid inclusions. The numerical simulation results of the electromagnetic signals excited in a test material via pulsed acoustic impact are presented. The effect of sample layering on the electromagnetic response parameters under a determined acoustic impact is shown. Possible changes in the electromagnetic signals parameters with different charge states of dielectric defect structures, as well as changes in the parameters of electromagnetic signals at different amplitudes of acoustic exposure to a defective structure with a constant charge, are revealed. It is shown that the amplitude-frequency parameters of the emitted electromagnetic signals are directly related to the characteristics of the determined acoustic impact and the charge state of layered and defective structures. It was found that the change in the amplitude of electromagnetic signals linearly depends on the magnitude of the defect plates charge, as well as on the magnitude of the exciting acoustic pulse at a constant charge state of the defect. A research set-up and the model samples with solid-state inclusions in the form of layers and volume defects are described. The duration of the exciting acoustic pulse at the base was 50 μs, and its energy was varied within (8–15) mJ. The sensitivity at the input of the electromagnetic receiver was 0.5 mV, and the output gain was 10 or 100 selectively. The operating frequency range was 1–100 kHz. As a result of experimental studies, the correspondence of the amplitudes of electromagnetic responses to the distribution calculated in time and space of mechanical stresses arising in a layered or defective system during the propagation of an acoustic pulse was established. It is shown that the electromagnetic signals parameters, as well as the distribution of the acoustic pulse, are significantly affected by the difference between the sample and inclusion acoustic impedances.

中文翻译：

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缺陷结构中声脉冲到电磁信号的转换

在这项研究中，检查了声电组合方法的物理基础，以测试层状材料以及具有固体夹杂形式缺陷的材料。给出了通过脉冲声波冲击在测试材料中激发的电磁信号的数值模拟结果。显示了在确定的声学影响下样品分层对电磁响应参数的影响。揭示了具有不同电介质缺陷结构电荷状态的电磁信号参数的可能变化，以及在具有恒定电荷的缺陷结构的不同声学暴露幅度下电磁信号参数的变化。结果表明，发射电磁信号的幅频参数与确定的声学冲击特性和分层结构和缺陷结构的电荷状态直接相关。发现电磁信号幅度的变化线性取决于缺陷板电荷的大小，以及在缺陷的恒定电荷状态下激发声脉冲的大小。描述了研究装置和具有层状和体积缺陷形式的固态夹杂物的模型样品。基部激发声脉冲的持续时间为 50 μs，其能量在 (8-15) mJ 内变化。电磁接收机输入端灵敏度为0.5 mV，输出增益有选择地为10或100。工作频率范围为 1–100 kHz。作为实验研究的结果，建立了电磁响应幅度与声脉冲传播期间分层或有缺陷系统中产生的机械应力的时间和空间分布的对应关系。结果表明，电磁信号参数以及声脉冲的分布受样品和夹杂物声阻抗差异的显着影响。