An experimental program was conducted to assess the firefighting capabilities (extinguishment and burnback times) of five commercially available, Underwriters Laboratories listed (UL 162) fluorine-free foams (FFFs) [three alcohol resistant (AR) and two hydrocarbon approved (H)] and one short chain C6 aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) formulation (for baseline) as a function of application rate (gpm/ft2) and foam discharge density (gal/ft2) for a range of test parameters including foam quality/aspiration (air-aspirated and non-air-aspirated), fuel type [heptane, gasoline (MIL-SPEC and E10), and IPA], water type (fresh and salt) and fuel temperature (ambient and elevated). To summarize the results, the baseline C6 AR-AFFF demonstrated consistent/superior firefighting capabilities throughout the entire test program under all test conditions and test fuels. The FFFs did well against heptane but struggled against some of the scenarios conducted with IPA and gasoline (both MIL-SPEC and E10), especially when the foam was discharged with a lower foam quality/aspiration. From an application rate perspective, the FFFs typically required between 1.5 and 3 times the application rates to produce a comparable performance as the baseline AR-AFFF for the range of parameters included in this assessment. From an extinguishment density perspective, the extinguishment densities for the FFFs were typically 2–7 times greater than the baseline AR-AFFF and were determined to be both manufacturer and fuel type dependent. The three major findings of the study include: foam quality/aspiration effects on the firefighting capabilities of FFFs, variations in extinguishment difficulty associated with fuel type and variations in capabilities between listed FFFs in general.

中文翻译：

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无氟泡沫灭火效果评价

进行了一项实验计划以评估五种市售的、美国保险商实验室列出的 (UL 162) 无氟泡沫 (FFF) [三种耐酒精 (AR) 和两种经批准的碳氢化合物 (H)] 的灭火能力（灭火和回燃时间）和一种短链 C6 水性成膜泡沫 (AFFF) 配方（用于基线）作为应用率 (gpm/ft2) 和泡沫排放密度 (gal/ft2) 的函数，用于一系列测试参数，包括泡沫质量/吸入（空气-吸气和非吸气）、燃料类型 [庚烷、汽油（MIL-SPEC 和 E10）和 IPA]、水类型（新鲜和盐分）和燃料温度（环境温度和高温）。总结一下结果，在所有测试条件和测试燃料下，基准 C6 AR-AFFF 在整个测试程序中展示了一致/卓越的消防能力。FFF 在对抗庚烷方面表现良好，但在一些使用 IPA 和汽油（MIL-SPEC 和 E10）进行的情况下表现不佳，尤其是当泡沫以较低的泡沫质量/吸入排放时。从施用率的角度来看，FFF 通常需要施用率的 1.5 到 3 倍才能产生与本评估中包含的参数范围的基线 AR-AFFF 相当的性能。从灭火密度的角度来看，FFF 的灭火密度通常是基线 AR-AFFF 的 2-7 倍，并且取决于制造商和燃料类型。