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Social interaction, and not group size, predicts parasite burden in mammals
Evolutionary Ecology ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-03 , DOI: 10.1007/s10682-020-10086-6
Juliana Lucatelli , Eduardo Mariano-Neto , Hilton F. Japyassú

Although parasitism is often considered a cost of sociality, the evidence is mixed, possibly because sociality is multivariate. Here we contrast the dependence of parasitism costs on major social variables such as group size and social structure, as measured by network metrics. We conduct two robust phylogenetic meta-analyses, comprising 43 published results for studies with group size and 32 results with social structure metrics. This is the first meta-analytical test of this hypothesis for mammals as a whole. Contrarily to theoretical expectations and previous meta-analyses, there is no relationship between group size and parasitism, but we find conflicting results when analysing different aspects of sociality. Our analysis reveals that social structure is connected to parasite load, possibly because contact between group members, and not group size, is linked to parasite transmission. While more intensely interconnected groups facilitate parasite transmission, large groups are frequently fragmented into smaller, weakly connected subgroups. Strong social modularisation should thus be favoured by natural selection to hamper parasite overload. Future empirical studies should focus on specific parameters of social network structure and on parasite transmissibility. If social structure can evolve fast, even culturally, then host/parasites evolutionary games enter into a whole new fast dynamics, and animal conservation studies should take advantage of this possibility.

中文翻译:

社会互动,而不是群体规模,预测哺乳动物的寄生虫负担

虽然寄生通常被认为是社会性的代价,但证据是混合的,可能是因为社会性是多变量的。在这里,我们对比了寄生成本对主要社会变量的依赖性,如群体规模和社会结构,如网络指标所衡量的。我们进行了两项强大的系统发育荟萃分​​析,包括 43 项已发表的关于群体规模的研究结果和 32 项具有社会结构指标的结果。这是对整个哺乳动物的这一假设的第一次元分析测试。与理论预期和先前的荟萃分析相反,群体规模与寄生之间没有关系,但我们在分析社会性的不同方面时发现了相互矛盾的结果。我们的分析表明,社会结构与寄生虫负荷有关,可能是因为群体成员之间的接触,而不是群体规模,与寄生虫传播有关。虽然联系更紧密的群体促进了寄生虫传播,但大群体经常被分割成较小的、联系较弱的亚群体。因此,自然选择应支持强大的社会模块化,以防止寄生虫超载。未来的实证研究应侧重于社会网络结构的特定参数和寄生虫传播能力。如果社会结构可以快速进化,甚至在文化上,那么宿主/寄生虫进化博弈就会进入一个全新的快速动态,动物保护研究应该利用这种可能性。因此,自然选择应支持强大的社会模块化,以防止寄生虫超载。未来的实证研究应侧重于社会网络结构的特定参数和寄生虫传播能力。如果社会结构可以快速进化,甚至在文化上,那么宿主/寄生虫进化博弈就会进入一个全新的快速动态,动物保护研究应该利用这种可能性。因此,自然选择应支持强大的社会模块化,以防止寄生虫超载。未来的实证研究应侧重于社会网络结构的特定参数和寄生虫传播能力。如果社会结构可以快速进化,甚至在文化上,那么宿主/寄生虫进化博弈就会进入一个全新的快速动态,动物保护研究应该利用这种可能性。
更新日期:2020-11-03
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