Peroxisomes are organelles that perform a wide range of essential metabolic processes. To ensure that peroxisomes are optimally positioned in the cell, they must be transported by both long- and short-range trafficking events in response to cellular needs. Here, we review our current understanding of the mechanisms by which the cytoskeleton and organelle contact sites alter peroxisomal distribution. Though the focus of the review is peroxisomal transport in mammalian cells, findings from flies and fungi are used for comparison and to inform the gaps in our understanding. Attention is given to the apparent overlap in regulatory mechanisms for mitochondrial and peroxisomal trafficking, along with the recently discovered role of the mitochondrial Rho-GTPases, Miro, in peroxisomal dynamics. Moreover, we outline and discuss the known pathological and pharmacological conditions that perturb peroxisomal positioning. We conclude by highlighting several gaps in our current knowledge and suggest future directions that require attention.

过氧化物酶体是执行广泛的基本代谢过程的细胞器。为确保过氧化物酶体在细胞中处于最佳位置，它们必须通过长程和短程运输事件进行运输，以响应细胞需求。在这里，我们回顾了我们目前对细胞骨架和细胞器接触位点改变过氧化物酶体分布的机制的理解。尽管该综述的重点是哺乳动物细胞中的过氧化物酶体转运，但苍蝇和真菌的发现被用于比较并指出我们理解中的差距。关注线粒体和过氧化物酶体运输的调节机制的明显重叠，以及最近发现的线粒体 Rho-GTPases，Miro，在过氧化物酶体动力学中的作用。而且，我们概述并讨论了扰乱过氧化物酶体定位的已知病理和药理学条件。最后，我们强调了我们当前知识中的几个差距，并提出了需要关注的未来方向。