Streams draining to Gilgel Gibe catchment cross agricultural and urban land uses receiving a different pollutant that challenges water quality. A total of 21 sampling sites were selected from seven streams of agricultural (n = 3), urban (n = 3) and forest (n = 1) land-use types. Composite samples were collected from upstream, middle and downstream of all land-use types. Twenty-three physicochemical parameters were measured from each sampling site. Temperature, DO, pH, EC, turbidity, width, depth, current velocity and discharge were measured onsite. Two milliliters of unfiltered water samples was collected from every site for laboratory analysis. Mean of NO₃-N was highest in agricultural streams than forested and urban streams. In contrast, mean of SRP, NH₄-N and COD and BOD₅ concentration was greater in urban streams followed by agricultural streams, whereas forest streams are lowest. Concentrations of nutrients, EC and turbidity were recorded in increasing manner across land-use gradient from forested to agricultural and urban streams. The analysis of one-way ANOVA showed that all physicochemical parameters were significantly different among all sites with different land-use types (P < 0.05), except for water temperature (one-way ANOVA: F = 0.987, P = 0.494). NMDS and cluster analyses have discriminated the sites into three groups of land-use types. Then, we conclude that water quality of urban stream is highly impaired than agricultural streams, whereas forested streams have better water quality. Therefore, stream restoration projects, reforestation, conservation of riparian vegetation appropriate waste disposal need to be encouraged in the study area for sustainable management of freshwater resources.

流向农业和城市土地用途的吉尔吉尔·吉贝集水区的水流接受了挑战水质的另一种污染物。从7种农业（n  = 3），城市（n = 3）和森林（n  = 1）土地利用类型中选择了21个采样点。从所有土地利用类型的上游，中部和下游收集复合样本。从每个采样点测量了二十三个理化参数。现场测量温度，DO，pH，EC，浊度，宽度，深度，电流速度和放电。从每个站点收集了两毫升未过滤的水样本，用于实验室分析。NO ₃平均值-N在农业流中比森林和城市流最高。相反，城市溪流中的SRP，NH ₄ -N和COD和BOD _5的平均值较高，其次是农业溪流，而森林溪流的最低。在从森林到农业和城市河流的土地利用梯度范围内，养分，EC和浑浊的浓度以递增的方式记录。的单因素ANOVA分析表明，所有的物理化学参数为所有站点具有不同的土地使用类型（间显著不同P  <0.05），除了水温度（单向ANOVA：˚F = 0.987，P = 0.494）。NMDS和聚类分析将这些地点分为三类土地利用类型。然后，我们得出的结论是，与农业河流相比，城市河流的水质受到严重损害，而森林河流具有更好的水质。因此，在研究区需要鼓励溪流恢复项目，重新造林，保护河岸植被，适当处置废物，以可持续管理淡水资源。