Aluminum–air (Al–air) batteries are promising candidates for energy storage applications because of their high theoretical energy density and low cost. Nevertheless, their developments have been severely hindered by multiple obstacles, among which the activation and self-corrosion inhibition of Al anode have been considered to be significant challenges. In neutral electrolytes, the main problem is the activation of Al anode, while the self-corrosion of Al anode becomes dominant in alkaline electrolytes. Considerable efforts have been devoted to overcoming the dilemma associated with the Al anode. This review firstly underscores the underlying mechanisms of passivation and self-corrosion of Al anode in different electrolytes. Then, specific attentions are paid to Al alloy anode, including the role of various elements and standard processing technology. Finally, general conclusions, current limitations, and future perspectives on Al alloy anode are presented.

铝空气电池由于其较高的理论能量密度和低成本而成为有潜力的储能应用候选者。然而，它们的发展受到多种障碍的严重阻碍，其中铝阳极的活化和自腐蚀抑制被认为是重大挑战。在中性电解液中，主要问题是铝阳极的活化，而铝阳极的自腐蚀在碱性电解液中占主导地位。为了克服与铝阳极有关的难题，人们已经做出了巨大的努力。本文首先强调了不同电解液中铝阳极钝化和自腐蚀的潜在机理。然后，要特别注意铝合金阳极，包括各种要素的作用和标准处理技术。最后，介绍了铝合金阳极的一般结论，当前局限性和未来展望。