An overview of the uses of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS),Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts

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An overview of the uses of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)
Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-30 , DOI: 10.1039/d0em00291g
Juliane Glüge ₁ , Martin Scheringer , Ian T Cousins , Jamie C DeWitt , Gretta Goldenman , Dorte Herzke , Rainer Lohmann , Carla A Ng , Xenia Trier , Zhanyun Wang

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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are of concern because of their high persistence (or that of their degradation products) and their impacts on human and environmental health that are known or can be deduced from some well-studied PFAS. Currently, many different PFAS (on the order of several thousands) are used in a wide range of applications, and there is no comprehensive source of information on the many individual substances and their functions in different applications. Here we provide a broad overview of many use categories where PFAS have been employed and for which function; we also specify which PFAS have been used and discuss the magnitude of the uses. Despite being non-exhaustive, our study clearly demonstrates that PFAS are used in almost all industry branches and many consumer products. In total, more than 200 use categories and subcategories are identified for more than 1400 individual PFAS. In addition to well-known categories such as textile impregnation, fire-fighting foam, and electroplating, the identified use categories also include many categories not described in the scientific literature, including PFAS in ammunition, climbing ropes, guitar strings, artificial turf, and soil remediation. We further discuss several use categories that may be prioritised for finding PFAS-free alternatives. Besides the detailed description of use categories, the present study also provides a list of the identified PFAS per use category, including their exact masses for future analytical studies aiming to identify additional PFAS.

中文翻译：

全氟烷基物质和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS) 用途概述

全氟烷基物质和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS) 因其高持久性（或其降解产物）而受到关注，并且它们对人类和环境健康的影响是已知的或可以从一些经过充分研究的 PFAS 中推断出来。目前，许多不同的 PFAS（大约数千种）被广泛使用，并且没有关于许多单独物质及其在不同应用中的功能的全面信息来源。在这里，我们对 PFAS 的使用类别及其功能进行了广泛的概述；我们还具体说明了使用了哪些 PFAS 并讨论了使用的程度。尽管我们的研究并非详尽无遗，但它清楚地表明 PFAS 几乎用于所有行业分支和许多消费品。总共有 1400 多种 PFAS 被确定为 200 多个使用类别和子类别。除了纺织品浸渍、消防泡沫和电镀等众所周知的类别外，确定的使用类别还包括许多科学文献中未描述的类别，包括弹药、登山绳、吉他弦、人造草坪和土壤修复。我们进一步讨论了寻找不含 PFAS 替代品时可能优先考虑的几种使用类别。除了使用类别的详细描述外，本研究还提供了每个使用类别已识别的 PFAS 列表，包括其精确质量，以供未来旨在识别其他 PFAS 的分析研究使用。

更新日期：2020-11-03

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