In this 21th century, the demand for glucose sensors in monitoring diabetes reaches a year-on-year peak due to the unhealthy lifestyle of society. Therefore, it is the utmost important task for scientists and researchers to develop a highly efficient and effective glucose sensor. However, conventional enzymatic glucose sensors have showed some drawbacks and the underlying issues faced by enzymatic glucose sensors are outlined in this paper. With the tremendous advancement of science and technology, the field of diabetes monitoring has evolved from enzymatic to nonenzymatic glucose sensor that heavily emphasized on the usage of nanomaterial. This transformation is supported by various justifications such as a better stability of nonenzymatic sensors towards the surrounding, higher sensitivity and ease of fabrication. Numerous materials including graphene, noble metals, (transition) metal oxides and composites have been explored for its potential in the development and performance improvement of nonenzymatic glucose sensors. This paper reviewed nonenzymatic glucose sensors, their mechanism of glucose oxidation and various promising graphene-based nanocomposite systems as well as the challenges and future perspectives of glucose biosensors.

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基于石墨烯基纳米复合材料的非酶葡萄糖传感器发展综述

在这 21 世纪，由于社会不健康的生活方式，对监测糖尿病的葡萄糖传感器的需求达到了同比高峰。因此，开发高效、高效的葡萄糖传感器是科学家和研究人员的首要任务。然而，传统的酶葡萄糖传感器已经显示出一些缺点，本文概述了酶葡萄糖传感器面临的潜在问题。随着科学技术的飞速发展，糖尿病监测领域已经从酶促血糖传感器发展到高度重视纳米材料使用的非酶促血糖传感器。这种转变得到了各种理由的支持，例如非酶传感器对周围环境的更好稳定性、更高的灵敏度和易于制造。已经探索了包括石墨烯、贵金属、（过渡）金属氧化物和复合材料在内的许多材料在非酶葡萄糖传感器的开发和性能改进方面的潜力。本文回顾了非酶葡萄糖传感器、葡萄糖氧化机制和各种有前景的石墨烯基纳米复合系统，以及葡萄糖生物传感器的挑战和未来前景。