Generally at high frequencies, lumped-elements are not preferred because of their limited range of values. Therefore, in this work, a kind of phase shifter formed with ladder stubs is studied and a new approach to design phase shifter’s low pass and high pass sections which are composed of series or shunt connected open-ended or short-ended stubs is proposed. In the approach, since the main focus is to form low pass and high pass two-port sections, switching process is not considered. First, the designer selects the section type and the total number of stubs in the sections; it is not necessary to fix the two-port section topologies and not necessary to derive the characteristic impedance and delay expressions for the stubs. In the example, 5-stub two-port sections of a 180∘ phase shifter are designed by means of the proposed approach.

中文翻译：

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用实频技术设计带梯形短截线的移相器

通常在高频下，集总元件不是首选，因为它们的值范围有限。因此，在这项工作中，研究了一种由梯形短截线构成的移相器，并提出了一种设计由串联或并联连接的开端或短端短截线组成的移相器低通和高通部分的新方法。在该方法中，由于主要关注形成低通和高通两端口部分，因此不考虑切换过程。首先，设计者选择节类型和节中的存根总数；无需固定双端口部分拓扑，也无需导出短截线的特征阻抗和延迟表达式。在示例中，一个 5 根双端口部分180∘移相器是通过所提出的方法设计的。