Several health organizations have been expressing concern about the amount of time children spend using electronic devices and about the benefits and damages of the use of touchscreen devices, such as smartphones or tablets, for the development and behavior of children under the age of 5. A systematic review was carried out in order to understand the impact of touchscreen device usage toward children’s development and behavior under the age of 5. Using the PRISMA method, from a total of 6314 studies found in online databases, searched in English, between 01/01/2000 and 01/10/2018, 11 studies were selected for analysis. The results revealed that, in children under the age of 5, the damages of the use of touchscreen devices are superior to the benefits that may result, especially when there are more hours of screen time. More importance is given to the quality of the child-adult relationship and not to the use of touchscreen devices. Nevertheless, some studies emphasize some aspects that may reduce the negative effects, such as moderate use, less screen time, parental monitoring, and viewing educational programs in an academic environment. Guidelines that should be given to parents about the use of touchscreen devices by children are discussed. The limitation of this study was the difficulty in finding studies directed to the desired age and type of electronic device. This may be taken as a potential cause of bias.

中文翻译：

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使用触摸屏设备对 5 岁以下儿童的发育和行为的益处和损害——系统评价

一些健康组织一直对儿童使用电子设备的时间以及使用智能手机或平板电脑等触摸屏设备对 5 岁以下儿童的发育和行为的益处和损害表示担忧。为了了解触摸屏设备的使用对 5 岁以下儿童的发展和行为的影响，进行了系统回顾。使用 PRISMA 方法，从在线数据库中找到的总共 6314 项研究中，以英文搜索，时间为 01 月 1 日/2000年和2018年1月10日，选择了11项研究进行分析。结果显示，对于 5 岁以下的儿童，使用触摸屏设备的危害大于可能带来的好处，尤其是当屏幕时间较长时。更重要的是儿童与成人关系的质量，而不是触摸屏设备的使用。尽管如此，一些研究强调了一些可以减少负面影响的方面，例如适度使用、减少屏幕时间、家长监控以及在学术环境中观看教育节目。讨论了应向家长提供的有关儿童使用触摸屏设备的指南。这项研究的局限性是很难找到针对电子设备所需寿命和类型的研究。这可能被视为偏见的潜在原因。