Various in vivo experimental works carried out on different animals and organs have shown that it is possible to reduce the damage caused to healthy tissue still preserving the therapeutic efficacy on the tumor tissue, by drastically reducing the total time of dose delivery (<200 ms). This effect, called the FLASH effect, immediately attracted considerable attention within the radiotherapy community, due to the possibility of widening the therapeutic window and treating effectively tumors which appear radioresistant to conventional techniques. Despite the experimental evidence, the radiobiological mechanisms underlying the FLASH effect and the beam parameters contributing to its optimization are not yet known in details. In order to fully understand the FLASH effect, it might be worthy to investigate some alternatives which can further improve the tools adopted so far, in terms of both linac technology and dosimetric systems. This work investigates the problems and solutions concerning the realization of an electron accelerator dedicated to FLASH therapy and optimized for in vivo experiments. Moreover, the work discusses the saturation problems of the most common radiotherapy dosimeters when used in the very high dose-per-pulse FLASH conditions and provides some preliminary experimental data on their behavior.

各种 体内在不同动物和器官上进行的实验工作表明，可以通过大大减少总的给药时间（<200 ms）来减少对健康组织造成的损害，同时仍然保留对肿瘤组织的治疗功效。由于有可能扩大治疗范围并有效治疗对常规技术具有放射抵抗力的肿瘤，这种被称为FLASH效应的效应立即引起放射治疗界的广泛关注。尽管有实验证据，但尚不清楚FLASH效应和有助于其优化的射束参数所基于的放射生物学机制。为了充分了解FLASH的效果，在直线加速器技术和剂量系统方面，可能有必要研究一些可以进一步改进迄今为止采用的工具的替代方案。这项工作研究了有关实现用于FLASH治疗并针对以下疾病进行了优化的电子加速器的问题和解决方案：体内实验。此外，该工作还讨论了在非常高的每脉冲剂量FLASH条件下使用时，最常见的放射治疗剂量计的饱和度问题，并提供了一些有关其行为的初步实验数据。