In this work, we produced cross-linked electrospun hybrid scaffolds composed of gelatin/poly-d,l-lactide (PDLLA), gelatin/PDLLA/nanocellulose, and gelatin/PDLLA/cellulose nanocrystals/elastin. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and high-performance liquid chromatography demonstrated the complete embedding of each component in the hybrid scaffolds. The degree of cross-linking was quantified by the 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid assay, and attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy revealed the effectiveness of the cross-linking reaction. Notably, the interconnected porous structure revealed in uncross-linked scaffolds persisted even after cross-linking. Scaffolds were characterized in water through their contact angle showing total wettability. We investigated their mechanical properties by uniaxial tensile testing, which showed that even in the dry state, nanocellulose- and elastin-containing scaffolds exhibit higher elongation at rupture compared to those with pure gelatin/PDLLA. Therefore, we succeeded in tuning the toughness of the scaffolds by modulating the composition. In order to use scaffolds as medical devices, we assayed fibroblasts on scaffold extraction media, indicating that they were noncytotoxic. Finally, the attachment and proliferation of fibroblasts on the surface of different scaffolds were evaluated.

中文翻译：

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纳米纤维素和弹性蛋白充当静电纺生物启发支架的增塑剂

在这项工作中，我们生产了由明胶/聚-d，l组成的交联电纺杂种支架-丙交酯（PDLLA），明胶/ PDLLA /纳米纤维素和明胶/ PDLLA /纤维素纳米晶体/弹性蛋白。傅里叶变换红外光谱，X射线衍射和高效液相色谱表明，每种组分都完全嵌入了混合支架中。交联度通过2,4,6-三硝基苯磺酸测定法进行定量，并且衰减全反射光谱法揭示了交联反应的有效性。值得注意的是，即使在交联之后，在未交联的支架中显示的互连多孔结构仍然存在。支架通过在水中的接触角来表征，显示出完全的可湿性。我们通过单轴拉伸试验研究了它们的机械性能，结果表明，即使在干燥状态下，与具有纯明胶/ PDLLA的支架相比，含纳米纤维素和弹性蛋白的支架在断裂时表现出更高的伸长率。因此，我们通过调节组成成功地调节了支架的韧性。为了将支架用作医疗设备，我们在支架提取培养基上测定了成纤维细胞，表明它们无细胞毒性。最后，评估了成纤维细胞在不同支架表面上的附着和增殖。