ABSTRACT

The high risk of occupational fatalities in agriculture is well documented, but information on non-fatal injuries is lacking due to challenges in injury surveillance. This surveillance study explored the frequency, characteristics, and risk factors for non-fatal injuries among farmers and ranchers in the central United States. The Central States Center for Agricultural Safety and Health (CS-CASH), in collaboration with the USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), conducted annual surveys (n = 34,777 sent) during 2011–2015 covering a seven-state region (Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, North Dakota, Nebraska, and South Dakota). The average response rate was 32% in the five consecutive annual surveys. The average injury incidence rate was 7.0 injuries/100 operators per year. Most injuries (89%) occurred during agricultural work. The most frequent sources of injury were livestock (22%), machinery (13%), and hand tools (12%). Risk factors for injury included: male gender, younger age (vs. 65+ years), farming as the primary occupation, greater work time, greater land area, ranch (vs. farm), organic farming, internet access, and production of several types of crops and animals. Most injuries (56%) required a doctor visit, and 12% required hospitalization. The average medical costs were $1,936 out of pocket and $8,043 paid by insurance. The combined average costs for most serious injuries were $7,858. Most injuries (66%) resulted in some lost time from agricultural work, and 13% were serious, resulting in more than 30 days of lost work time. The non-fatal injury rate for self-employed farmers and ranchers was higher than that of hired agricultural workers reported by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. This result reaffirms farming/ranching as a dangerous occupation and emphasizes the need for efforts to prevent agricultural injuries, especially those associated with identified injury sources and risk factors.

摘要

农业职业死亡的高风险有据可查，但由于伤害监测方面的挑战，缺乏关于非致命伤害的信息。这项监测研究探讨了美国中部农民和牧场主非致命伤害的频率、特征和风险因素。中央各州农业安全与健康中心 (CS-CASH) 与美国农业部国家农业统计局 (NASS) 合作，在 2011-2015 年期间进行了年度调查（已发送 n = 34,777），覆盖七个州地区（爱荷华州、堪萨斯州、明尼苏达州、密苏里州、北达科他州、内布拉斯加州和南达科他州）。在连续五年的年度调查中，平均回复率为 32%。平均伤害发生率为每年 7.0 次伤害/100 名操作员。大多数伤害 (89%) 发生在农业工作期间。最常见的伤害源是牲畜 (22%)、机械 (13%) 和手动工具 (12%)。受伤的风险因素包括：男性、年龄较小（与 65 岁以上相比）、以农业为主要职业、工作时间更长、土地面积更大、牧场（与农场相比）、有机农业、互联网接入以及多种产品的生产农作物和动物的种类。大多数伤害 (56%) 需要看医生，12% 需要住院。平均医疗费用为自付费用 1,936 美元，保险支付 8,043 美元。最严重伤害的综合平均费用为 7,858 美元。大多数工伤 (66%) 是由于农业工作损失了一些时间，13% 的工伤很严重，导致工时损失超过 30 天。劳工统计局报告的个体户农民和牧场主的非致命伤害率高于雇用的农业工人。这一结果再次证实农业/牧场是一种危险的职业，并强调需要努力预防农业伤害，尤其是那些与已确定的伤害源和风险因素相关的伤害。