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Programmed death ligand‐1 induction restrains the cytotoxic T lymphocyte response against microglia
Glia ( IF 5.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-31 , DOI: 10.1002/glia.23932
Priyanka Chauhan 1 , Shuxian Hu 1 , Sujata Prasad 1 , Wen S Sheng 1 , James R Lokensgard 1
Affiliation  

Microglial cells are the main reservoir for HIV‐1 within the brain and potential exists for negative immune checkpoint blockade therapies to purge this viral reservoir. Here, we investigated cytolytic responses of CD8+ T lymphocytes against microglia loaded with peptide epitopes. Initially, flow cytometric analysis demonstrated efficient killing of HIV‐1 p24 AI9 or YI9 peptide‐loaded splenocytes in MHC‐matched recipients. Cytolytic killing of microglia was first demonstrated using ovalbumin (OVA) as a model antigen for in vitro cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) assays. Peptide‐loaded primary microglia obtained from programmed death ligand (PD‐L) 1 knockout (KO) animals showed significantly more killing than cells from wild‐type (WT) animals when co‐cultured with activated CD8+ T‐cells isolated from rAd5‐OVA primed animals. Moreover, when peptide loaded‐microglial cells from WT animals were treated with neutralizing α‐PD‐L1 Ab, significantly more killing was observed compared to either untreated or IgG isotype‐treated cells. Most importantly, significantly increased in vivo killing of HIV‐1 p24 YI9 peptide‐loaded microglia from PD‐L1 KO animals, as well as AI9 peptide‐loaded BALB/c microglial cells treated with α‐PD‐L1, was observed within brains of rAd5‐p24 primed‐CNS boosted C57BL/6 or BALB/c mice, respectively. Finally, ex vivo responses of brain CD8+ T‐cells in response to AI9 stimulation showed significantly increased IFN‐γ and IL‐2 production when treated with α‐PD‐1 Abs. Greater proliferation of CD8+ T‐cells from the brain was also observed following blockade. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that PD‐L1 induction on microglia restrains CTL responses and indicate that immune checkpoint blockade targeting this pathway may be beneficial in clearing viral brain reservoirs.

中文翻译:

程序性死亡配体-1诱导抑制细胞毒性T淋巴细胞对小胶质细胞的反应

小胶质细胞是大脑内 HIV-1 的主要储存库,并且存在用于清除这种病毒储存库的阴性免疫检查点阻断疗法的潜力。在这里,我们研究了 CD8 + T 淋巴细胞对装载肽表位的小胶质细胞的细胞溶解反应。最初,流式细胞术分析证明在 MHC 匹配的受体中有效杀死 HIV-1 p24 AI9 或 YI9 肽负载的脾细胞。使用卵清蛋白 (OVA) 作为体外细胞毒性 T 淋巴细胞 (CTL) 测定的模型抗原,首次证明了小胶质细胞的细胞溶解杀伤作用。当与活化的 CD8 +共培养时,从程序性死亡配体 (PD-L) 1 敲除 (KO) 动物中获得的载肽原代小胶质细胞显示出比野生型 (WT) 动物细胞更多的杀伤力从 rAd5-OVA 引发的动物中分离的 T 细胞。此外,当来自 WT 动物的肽负载小胶质细胞用中和 α-PD-L1 Ab 处理时,与未处理或 IgG 同种型处理的细胞相比,观察到的杀伤作用显着增加。最重要的是,在 PD-L1 KO 动物体内对载有 HIV-1 p24 YI9 肽的小胶质细胞以及用 α-PD-L1 处理的载有 AI9 肽的 BALB/c 小胶质细胞的体内杀伤显着增加。 rAd5-p24 引发的 CNS 分别增强了 C57BL/6 或 BALB/c 小鼠。最后,脑 CD8 +的离体反应当用 α-PD-1 Abs 处理时,响应 AI9 刺激的 T 细胞显示出显着增加的 IFN-γ 和 IL-2 产生。阻断后还观察到来自大脑的 CD8+ T 细胞的更大增殖。总之,这些研究表明,小胶质细胞上的 PD-L1 诱导抑制了 CTL 反应,并表明针对该途径的免疫检查点阻断可能有利于清除病毒脑库。
更新日期:2020-10-31
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