Storms are increasingly identified as a key depositional process. Their deposits show unique sedimentary characteristics, distinct from deposits of fair‐weather wave processes, but are not currently separated in classic ternary deltaic classification schemes. The term ‘storm‐flood‐dominated delta’ is proposed for a new type of delta that more fully represents deltas dominated by storm‐flood processes. This study describes several outcrop cliffs of the Gallup Formation, deposited during the Late Turonian to Early Coniacian in north‐west New Mexico, that exemplify storm‐generated facies and provide examples that can be used to generate a facies model for storm‐flood‐dominated deltas. Key identification criteria include extensive sharp‐based planar to hummocky cross‐stratified sandstone beds, commonly presenting as large‐sized gutter casts. They are interbedded with mudstones that show low bioturbation intensity and normally and inversely graded beds, suggesting direct deposition from river plumes. Major types of gutter casts are classified based on geometry and dimension. The gutter casts are interpreted as storm channels of storm‐flood‐dominated deltas and formed by erosion and infill of submerged channels resulting from offshore‐oriented downwelling currents that may include localized rip currents. These amalgamated channels are likely linked to multiple feeding rivers and distributary channels that ensured high sediment supply rates and highly efficient offshore‐directed sediment transport through hyperpycnal flows. A four‐component pyramidal classification scheme of deltaic deposition is employed to emphasize storms as a distinct process in contrast to the traditional classification that lumps storm and fair‐weather processes in a single ‘wave’ end‐member. The four‐component depositional model can be readily applied to interpret storm‐dominated environments and provide new insights into depositional processes of the marine realm. Recognition of storm processes in deciphering depositional evolution will also help to better understand control mechanisms of sequence stratigraphy, such as relative sea‐level changes, and to analyze sedimentary processes governing sediment transport in ‘source to sink’ systems.

中文翻译：

---

暴洪为主的三角洲：暴风雨海洋中的新型三角洲

风暴越来越被认为是关键的沉积过程。它们的沉积物表现出独特的沉积特征，与天气波动波沉积物不同，但目前尚未在经典的三元三角洲分类方案中分离。术语“暴洪为主的三角洲”是针对一种新型三角洲而提出的，这种三角洲更全面地代表了由暴洪过程主导的三角洲。这项研究描述了在新墨西哥州西北的土伦晚期至柯尼西亚早期沉积的盖洛普组的几个露头悬崖，它们以暴风雨相为例，并提供了一些实例，可用于为以暴雨水为主的相生成模型。三角洲。关键的识别标准包括广泛的以锐利为基础的平面至丘状交叉分层砂岩床，通常表现为大型天沟铸件。它们之间夹有生物扰动强度低的泥岩，并且床层呈正向和反向坡度，表明河烟直接沉积。天沟铸件的主要类型根据几何形状和尺寸进行分类。天沟铸型被解释为以暴洪为主的三角洲的暴风河道，是由海上定向下行流（可能包括局部裂谷流）引起的淹没河道的侵蚀和填充形成的。这些合并的河道很可能与多条补给河和分流河道相连，从而确保了高的泥沙供应率和通过高强度水流的高效率的海上定向泥沙输送。与传统的分类方法（将风暴和天气过程集中在单个“波浪”末端成员中）不同，采用三角洲沉积的四部分金字塔分类方案来强调风暴是一个独特的过程。这种由四部分组成的沉积模型可以很容易地应用于解释风暴主导的环境，并为海洋领域的沉积过程提供新的见解。在解释沉积演化的风暴过程中的认识也将有助于更好地理解层序地层学的控制机制，例如相对的海平面变化，并分析控制“源到汇”系统中泥沙输送的沉积过程。这种由四部分组成的沉积模型可以很容易地应用于解释风暴主导的环境，并为海洋领域的沉积过程提供新的见解。在解释沉积演化的风暴过程中的认识也将有助于更好地理解层序地层学的控制机制，例如相对的海平面变化，并分析控制“源到汇”系统中泥沙输送的沉积过程。这种由四部分组成的沉积模型可以很容易地应用于解释风暴主导的环境，并为海洋领域的沉积过程提供新的见解。在解释沉积演化的风暴过程中的认识也将有助于更好地理解层序地层学的控制机制，例如相对的海平面变化，并分析控制“源到汇”系统中泥沙输送的沉积过程。