Earth's tropical and subtropical rainbands, such as Intertropical Convergence Zones (ITCZs) and monsoons, are complex systems, governed by both large‐scale constraints on the atmospheric general circulation and regional interactions with continents and orography, and coupled to the ocean. Monsoons have historically been considered as regional large‐scale sea breeze circulations, driven by land‐sea contrast. More recently, a perspective has emerged of a Global Monsoon, a global‐scale solstitial mode that dominates the annual variation of tropical and subtropical precipitation. This results from the seasonal variation of the global tropical atmospheric overturning and migration of the associated convergence zone. Regional subsystems are embedded in this global monsoon, localized by surface boundary conditions. Parallel with this, much theoretical progress has been made on the fundamental dynamics of the seasonal Hadley cells and convergence zones via the use of hierarchical modeling approaches, including aquaplanets. Here we review the theoretical progress made, and explore the extent to which these advances can help synthesize theory with observations to better understand differing characteristics of regional monsoons and their responses to certain forcings. After summarizing the dynamical and energetic balances that distinguish an ITCZ from a monsoon, we show that this theoretical framework provides strong support for the migrating convergence zone picture and allows constraints on the circulation to be identified via the momentum and energy budgets. Limitations of current theories are discussed, including the need for a better understanding of the influence of zonal asymmetries and transients on the large‐scale tropical circulation.

中文翻译：

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季风、ITCZ 和全球季风的概念

地球的热带和亚热带雨带，如热带辐合带 (ITCZ) 和季风，是复杂的系统，受大气环流的大规模约束和与大陆和地形的区域相互作用的控制，并与海洋耦合。季风历来被认为是由海陆对比驱动的区域性大规模海风环流。最近，出现了全球季风的观点，这是一种全球尺度的冬日模式，主导热带和亚热带降水的年度变化。这是由全球热带大气翻转和相关辐合带迁移的季节性变化造成的。区域子系统嵌入在这个全球季风中，由地表边界条件定位。与此并行，通过使用分层建模方法（包括水行星），在季节性哈德雷细胞和会聚区的基本动力学方面取得了许多理论进展。在这里，我们回顾了所取得的理论进展，并探讨了这些进展在多大程度上有助于将理论与观测相结合，以更好地了解区域季风的不同特征及其对某些强迫的响应。在总结了区分 ITCZ 与季风的动力和能量平衡之后，我们表明该理论框架为迁移辐合带图片提供了强有力的支持，并允许通过动量和能量预算来识别对环流的约束。讨论了当前理论的局限性，