BACKGROUND Germination promotes changes in the composition of seeds, by providing potential nutritional and health benefits compared to unsprouted seeds. The study investigated the influence of germination on the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of calcium in brown and golden flaxseed. RESULTS Germination did not influence the calcium levels of brown (BF) or golden flaxseeds (GF), but the sprouted golden (SGF, 265.6 ± 12.9 mg) presented higher levels of calcium than the sprouted brown flaxseed (SBF, 211.6 ± 3.20 mg). Tannin levels was similar among the groups (GF=79.97 ± 3.49; SGF=78.81 ± 0.77; BF=81.82 ± 2.61; SBF=79.24 ± 4.58), while phytate and oxalate levels decreased after germination. Germination reduced the phytate:calcium and oxalate:calcium molar ratios. In the in vitro study, germination increased calcium bioaccessibility (GF=35.60 vs. SGF=41.45; BF=31.01 vs. SBF=38.84 mg). In the in vivo study, all groups present similar levels of urinary calcium (GF=1.04 vs. SGF=2.06; BF=1.68 vs. SBF=1.35 mg) and fecal calcium (GF=5.06 vs. SGF=6.14; BF=6.47 vs. SBF=8.40 mg). The calcium balance/day of SBF (37.97mg) group was smaller than the control group (47.22mg). The germination maintained the plasma levels of calcium, phosphorus, creatinine, and alkaline phosphatase similar among the groups. No changes were observed on morphology and calcium levels of animal femurs. CONCLUSION The germination reduced the antinutritional factor in both flaxseed varieties. Although there was an improvement in the in vitro bioaccessibility of calcium, the germination did not increase calcium absorption and balance in the animals, which may be due to the interaction with other compounds in the organism. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

中文翻译：

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发芽的棕色和金色亚麻籽中钙的生物可及性和生物利用度

背景通过与未发芽的种子相比提供潜在的营养和健康益处，发芽促进了种子组成的变化。该研究调查了发芽对棕色和金色亚麻籽中钙的生物可及性和生物可利用性的影响。结果 发芽不影响棕色 (BF) 或金色亚麻籽 (GF) 的钙含量，但发芽的金色亚麻籽 (SGF, 265.6 ± 12.9 mg) 的钙含量高于发芽的棕色亚麻籽 (SBF, 211.6 ± 3.20 mg) . 各组之间的单宁水平相似（GF=79.97 ± 3.49；SGF=78.81 ± 0.77；BF=81.82 ± 2.61；SBF=79.24 ± 4.58），而植酸盐和草酸盐水平在发芽后下降。萌发降低了植酸盐：钙和草酸盐：钙的摩尔比。在体外研究中，发芽增加了钙的生物可及性 (GF=35. 60 对 SGF=41.45；BF=31.01 对比 SBF=38.84 毫克）。在体内研究中，所有组的尿钙水平（GF=1.04 vs. SGF=2.06；BF=1.68 vs. SBF=1.35 mg）和粪便钙（GF=5.06 vs. SGF=6.14；BF=6.47）与 SBF=8.40 毫克）。SBF（37.97mg）组的钙平衡/天小于对照组（47.22mg）。发芽维持了各组之间相似的钙、磷、肌酐和碱性磷酸酶的血浆水平。在动物股骨的形态和钙水平上没有观察到变化。结论发芽降低了两种亚麻籽品种的抗营养因子。尽管钙的体外生物可及性有所改善，但萌发并未增加动物对钙的吸收和平衡，这可能是由于与生物体内其他化合物的相互作用。本文受版权保护。版权所有。