Aims

Determining tricuspid valve comparative anatomy and appropriate animal models for preclinical evaluation of prosthetic tricuspid valve implants.

Methods and results

We described and measured 81 heart specimens: 12 humans, 22 dogs, 21 sheep and 26 pigs. Tricuspid annulus circumference varied in humans from 109 to 149 mm, in pigs from 85 to 140 mm, and were ≤125 mm in dogs and sheep. Tricuspid leaflet demarcation in dogs is similar to humans, while in pigs and sheep we observed three distinct leaflets. In humans, sheep and pigs, papillary muscle positions are similar. In dogs they are all based on the septum. A moderator band was observed in all species, but was of consistent thickness only in sheep.

Conclusions

Sheep and pigs are relevant animal models for evaluating prosthetic tricuspid valve implants. Seventy to 90 kg pigs have a tricuspid annulus size comparable to that in a dilated human heart, but due to possible fast growth leading to sizing incompatibilities, this represents a model for short-term study. Sheep are more stable in size for long term study, however, their tricuspid annulus size is the most similar to that in a healthy, non-dilated human heart. Dogs are not a suitable model due to their significantly different sub-valvular anatomy and smaller size.

中文翻译：

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评估人工三尖瓣植入物的动物模型考虑因素

宗旨

确定三尖瓣比较解剖学和合适的动物模型，用于人工三尖瓣植入物的临床前评估。

方法和结果

我们描述并测量了 81 个心脏样本：12 个人、22 只狗、21 只羊和 26 头猪。三尖瓣环周长在人类中从 109 到 149 毫米不等，在猪中从 85 到 140 毫米不等，在狗和羊中≤125 毫米。狗的三尖瓣小叶分界与人类相似，而在猪和羊中，我们观察到三个不同的小叶。在人类、绵羊和猪中，乳头肌的位置是相似的。在狗中，它们都基于隔膜。在所有物种中都观察到调节带，但仅在绵羊中具有一致的厚度。

结论

绵羊和猪是评估人工三尖瓣植入物的相关动物模型。70 至 90 公斤猪的三尖瓣环大小与扩张的人心脏相当，但由于可能的快速生长导致大小不匹配，这代表了短期研究的模型。对于长期研究，绵羊的大小更稳定，但是，它们的三尖瓣环大小与健康、未扩张的人类心脏最相似。狗不是合适的模型，因为它们的瓣膜下解剖结构显着不同且体型较小。