Increased awareness of environmental sustainability with associated strict environmental regulations has incentivized the pursuit of novel materials to replace conventional petroleum-derived plastics. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are appealing intracellular biopolymers and have drawn significant attention as a viable alternative to petrochemical based plastics not only due to their comparable physiochemical properties but also, their outstanding characteristics such as biodegradability and biocompatibility. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent developments on the involved PHA producer microorganisms, production process from different waste streams by both pure and mixed microbial cultures (MMCs). Bio-based PHA production, particularly using cheap carbon sources with MMCs, is getting more attention. The main bottlenecks are the low production yield and the inconsistency of the biopolymers. Bioaugmentation and metabolic engineering together with cost effective downstream processing are promising approaches to overcome the hurdles of commercial PHA production from waste streams.

伴随着严格的环境法规，人们对环境可持续性的认识不断提高，这促使人们寻求新型材料来替代传统的石油衍生塑料。聚羟基链烷酸酯（PHA）是吸引人的细胞内生物聚合物，并且作为石化基塑料的可行替代品已引起广泛关注，这不仅是由于其可比的理化特性，而且还有其出色的特性，例如可生物降解性和生物相容性。这篇综述提供了有关所涉及的PHA生产者微生物，纯和混合微生物培养物（MMC）从不同废物流生产过程的最新进展的全面概述。生物基PHA生产，尤其是使用廉价碳源和MMC的生产，正受到越来越多的关注。主要瓶颈是产量低和生物聚合物的不一致性。生物强化和代谢工程以及具有成本效益的下游加工是克服废物流中商业PHA生产障碍的有前途的方法。