New approaches in single molecule spectroscopy and microscopy are able to resolve the spatial and temporal resolution of T cell receptor signaling in the context of immune responses to HIV-1 infection. These approaches need to be complemented with novel techniques that endogenously tag the protein or proteins of interest, yet avoid overexpression, to image protein dynamics under physiological conditions.

中文翻译：

---

HIV-1 免疫反应期间光学显微镜的内源性标记

单分子光谱学和显微镜学的新方法能够解决在对 HIV-1 感染的免疫反应背景下 T 细胞受体信号传导的空间和时间分辨率。这些方法需要与内源性标记感兴趣的蛋白质或蛋白质的新技术相辅相成，同时避免过度表达，以在生理条件下对蛋白质动力学进行成像。