Abstract The Brazilian as well as the global energy matrix is still mostly supported by non-renewable energy sources such as oil. However, the national energy scenario has a much higher renewable share, and this behavior is largely due to the fact that the country has abundant renewable resources. The immediate availability of renewable grease in Brazil fell on soybeans, the main Brazilian agricultural crop. However, reliance on a single source, whose oil yield per planted area is low (approximately 500 kg/ha), led to the need for alternative sources with higher energy density. Thus, this work sought to obtain biodiesel through frying oil mixed with castor oil in order to obtain biofuel with adequate physicochemical properties and reducing dependence on soybean oil. The physicochemical analyzes, as well as statistical tests revealed that among the obtained indexes, the acidity and the viscosity were above the value established by the National Petroleum Agency (ANP), while for the iodine index a positive effect of the addition of castor oil was registered, indicating effectiveness regarding the strategy used. The value of the acidity index with the addition of castor oil to the frying oil was 0.49 mg KOHg−1 and the viscosity value was equal to 7,02 mm2/s which was within the norms established by ANP, EU and ASTM. The value of the iodine index was 108.3 g/100 g of iodine, remaining within the EU standard, while without the addition of castor oil these two indices were not within the mentioned standards.

中文翻译：

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在巴西将蓖麻油添加到残渣豆油中获得生物柴油的效果：能量基质多样化

摘要 巴西乃至全球能源矩阵仍主要由石油等不可再生能源支撑。然而，国家能源情景的可再生能源份额要高得多，而这种行为很大程度上是由于该国拥有丰富的可再生资源。巴西可再生油脂的直接供应落在巴西主要农作物大豆上。然而，对单一来源的依赖，其每种植面积的油产量较低（约 500 公斤/公顷），导致需要具有更高能量密度的替代来源。因此，这项工作试图通过与蓖麻油混合的煎炸油来获得生物柴油，以获得具有足够物理化学特性的生物燃料并减少对豆油的依赖。理化分析，以及统计测试表明，在获得的指标中，酸度和粘度高于国家石油局（ANP）制定的值，而碘指数则显示添加蓖麻油有积极作用，表明有效关于所使用的策略。在煎炸油中加入蓖麻油后，酸度指数值为 0.49 mg KOHg-1，粘度值为 7.02 mm2/s，符合 ANP、EU 和 ASTM 制定的标准。碘指数值为 108.3 g/100 g 碘，仍在欧盟标准范围内，而在不添加蓖麻油的情况下，这两个指数不在上述标准范围内。而对于碘指数，添加蓖麻油的积极影响被记录下来，表明所用策略的有效性。在煎炸油中加入蓖麻油后，酸度指数值为 0.49 mg KOHg-1，粘度值为 7.02 mm2/s，符合 ANP、EU 和 ASTM 制定的标准。碘指数值为 108.3 g/100 g 碘，仍在欧盟标准范围内，而在不添加蓖麻油的情况下，这两个指数不在上述标准范围内。而对于碘指数，添加蓖麻油的积极影响被记录下来，表明所用策略的有效性。在煎炸油中加入蓖麻油后，酸度指数值为 0.49 mg KOHg-1，粘度值为 7.02 mm2/s，符合 ANP、EU 和 ASTM 制定的标准。碘指数值为 108.3 g/100 g 碘，仍在欧盟标准范围内，而在不添加蓖麻油的情况下，这两个指数不在上述标准范围内。02 mm2/s，符合 ANP、EU 和 ASTM 制定的规范。碘指数值为 108.3 g/100 g 碘，仍在欧盟标准范围内，而在不添加蓖麻油的情况下，这两个指数不在上述标准范围内。02 mm2/s，符合 ANP、EU 和 ASTM 制定的规范。碘指数值为 108.3 g/100 g 碘，仍在欧盟标准范围内，而在不添加蓖麻油的情况下，这两个指数不在上述标准范围内。