This paper investigates the co-evolution of industry formation, innovation systems and context over time through an analysis of offshore wind in the Netherlands and Norway. We compare these two countries because of their historically weak domestic offshore wind markets, long legacies in the oil and gas (O&G) and maritime industries and active participation in the growing offshore wind market. Our analysis is informed by the technological innovation systems framework and context conditions and we derive our results from nearly 60 interviews with key stakeholders in both countries. Our results point to three main empirical findings: 1) The Netherlands focused much more on explicit innovation system building strategies than Norway; 2) O&G is a critical sectoral and political context condition with a profound impact on offshore wind in both countries: in Norway, O&G price shocks led to fluctuating offshore wind participation; in the Netherlands, offshore O&G has been on a decline since the early 2000s, leading to a constant pressure to diversify. 3) The Netherlands had closer industrial proximity alignment than Norway, leading to stronger innovation system emergence and industrial participation. We highlight three theoretical contributions: 1) Certain context conditions – in our case O&G sectoral and political contexts – play a stronger role than others in influencing TIS emergence; 2) Context conditions strongly overlap. The political and sectoral O&G context is intimately linked; 3) Contexts are not static. As context conditions evolve overtime, so do their effects on the innovation system.

本文通过对荷兰和挪威海上风电的分析，研究了随着时间的流逝，产业形成，创新系统和环境的共同演变。我们对这两个国家进行比较，因为它们的国内海上风电市场历来疲软，油气和海上产业的悠久历史以及积极参与不断发展的海上风电市场。我们的分析基于技术创新系统框架和环境条件，我们的结果来自对两国主要利益相关者的近60次访谈。我们的结果指出了三个主要的实证研究结果：1）荷兰比挪威更加注重明确的创新体系建设策略； 2。2）O＆G是一个至关重要的部门和政治环境，对两国的海上风电都有深远的影响：在挪威，O＆G的价格冲击导致海上风电参与量波动。在荷兰，自2000年代初以来，海上石油天然气的产量一直在下降，从而导致持续的多元化压力。3）荷兰比挪威具有更紧密的产业接近性定位，从而导致更强大的创新体系出现和产业参与。我们着重提出三项理论贡献：1）在我们的案例中，O＆G部门和政治环境中的某些环境条件在影响TIS出现方面起着比其他条件更重要的作用；2）上下文条件强烈重叠。政治和部门的O＆G背景紧密相关；3）上下文不是静态的。随着情境条件的发展，