Sphingolipids are potent bioactive agents involved in the pathogenesis of various respiratory bacterial infections. To date, several sphingolipid derivatives are known, but S1P (Sphingosine-1-phosphate) and Ceramide are the best-studied sphingolipid derivatives in the context of human diseases. These are membrane-bound lipids that influence host-pathogen interactions. Based on these features, we believe that sphingolipids might control SARS-CoV-2 infection in the host. SARS-CoV-2 utilizes the ACE-II receptor (Angiotensin-converting enzyme II receptor) on epithelial cells for its entry and replication. Activation of the ACE-II receptor is indirectly associated with the activation of S1P Receptor 1 signaling which is associated with IL-6 driven fibrosis. This is expected to promote pathological responses during SARS-CoV-2 infection in COVID-19 cases. Given this, mitigating S1P signaling by application of either S1P Lyase (SPL) or S1P analog (Fingolimod / FTY720) seems to be potential approach for controlling these pathological outcomes. However, due to the immunosuppressive nature of FTY720, it can modulate hyper-inflammatory responses and only provide symptomatic relief, which may not be sufficient for controlling the novel COVID-19 infection. Since Th1 effector immune responses are essential for the clearance of infection, we believe that other sphingolipid derivatives like Cermaide-1 Phosphate with antiviral potential and adjuvant immune potential can potentially control SARS-CoV-2 infection in the host by its ability in enhancing autophagy and antigen presentation by DC to promote T cell response which can be helpful in controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection in novel COVID-19 patients.

鞘脂是与各种呼吸道细菌感染的发病机理有关的有效生物活性剂。迄今为止，已知几种鞘脂衍生物，但是在人类疾病的背景下，S1P（鞘氨醇-1-磷酸）和神经酰胺是研究得最好的鞘脂衍生物。这些是影响宿主-病原体相互作用的膜结合脂质。基于这些特征，我们认为鞘脂可以控制宿主中的SARS-CoV-2感染。SARS-CoV-2利用上皮细胞上的ACE-II受体（血管紧张素转换酶II受体）来进入和复制。ACE-II受体的激活与与IL-6驱动的纤维化相关的S1P受体1信号的激活间接相关。预计这将在COVID-19病例中促进SARS-CoV-2感染期间的病理反应。鉴于此，通过应用S1P裂解酶（SPL）或S1P类似物（芬戈莫德/ FTY720）缓解S1P信号似乎是控制这些病理结果的潜在方法。但是，由于FTY720的免疫抑制特性，它可以调节炎症反应并仅提供症状缓解，这可能不足以控制新型COVID-19感染。由于Th1效应子的免疫反应对于清除感染至关重要，因此我们认为具有抗病毒潜能和佐剂免疫潜能的其他鞘脂衍生物（如Cermaide-1 Phosphate）可以通过增强自噬和自噬能力来控制宿主中的SARS-CoV-2感染。 DC抗原呈递以促进T细胞反应，这可能有助于控制新型COVID-19患者的SARS-CoV-2感染。