Abstract Along with the boost of drugs’ exploitation, drug delivery has been a common concern among researchers and patients. As an emerging strategy, the micro- and nano-needle (MNN) is a single or an array of micro/nanoneedles, and promises to be a robust technology for efficient, noninvasive and convenient drug delivery. Compared with the conventional injection, MNN can pierce the bio-membranes to transfer cargos without any damage of tissue or nerves. And regarding the topical drug release, MNN is more efficient than oral administration and topical cream. More specifically, microneedle, a powerful technique, has been widely applied in different diseases such as diabetes, anti-obesity and contraception through skin and ocular surface. Correspondingly, many novel microneedles and optimization methods have been developed recently to improve the drug delivery efficacy. Nanoneedle, much smaller than microneedle, can minimize the skin damages caused by the repeated use of microneedles. Nanoneedles with nanoscaled size are usually used to penetrate the cell membrane. And recently many stimulus-aided methods like electrical and magnetic force have been invented to deepen penetration and improve transfer effects. The aim of this review is to introduce the recent advances of MNN-based drug delivery, including their types, application locations and diseases, optimization of delivery strategies and future development prospects.

中文翻译：

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用于高级药物输送的微/纳米针

摘要 随着药物开发的推进，药物输送已成为研究人员和患者普遍关注的问题。作为一种新兴策略，微纳米针 (MNN) 是单个或一组微/纳米针，有望成为高效、无创和方便的药物输送的强大技术。与传统注射相比，MNN 可以穿透生物膜转移货物，而不会对组织或神经造成任何损伤。在局部药物释放方面，MNN 比口服和外用乳膏更有效。更具体地说，微针作为一种强大的技术，已被广泛应用于不同的疾病，如糖尿病、抗肥胖和通过皮肤和眼表进行避孕。相应地，最近开发了许多新的微针和优化方法来提高药物递送效率。纳米针比微针小得多，可以最大限度地减少因重复使用微针而造成的皮肤损伤。具有纳米级尺寸的纳米针通常用于穿透细胞膜。最近，人们发明了许多刺激辅助方法，如电和磁力，以加深渗透并改善转移效果。本综述的目的是介绍基于 MNN 的药物递送的最新进展，包括它们的类型、应用位置和疾病、递送策略的优化和未来的发展前景。具有纳米级尺寸的纳米针通常用于穿透细胞膜。最近，人们发明了许多刺激辅助方法，如电和磁力，以加深渗透并改善转移效果。本综述的目的是介绍基于 MNN 的药物递送的最新进展，包括它们的类型、应用位置和疾病、递送策略的优化和未来的发展前景。具有纳米级尺寸的纳米针通常用于穿透细胞膜。最近，人们发明了许多刺激辅助方法，如电和磁力，以加深渗透并改善转移效果。本综述的目的是介绍基于 MNN 的药物递送的最新进展，包括它们的类型、应用位置和疾病、递送策略的优化和未来的发展前景。