Abstract Plants are often primed to enhanced resistance upon recognizing certain microbes and microbial metabolites/molecules. We investigated the effect of PDMP, the peptides extract of dry mycelia of Penicillium chrysogenum, on defense of Nicotiana benthamiana to Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). The 30B vector harboring the green fluorescent protein gene (30B:GFP) was used to monitor virus movement. Movement of the virus vector was limitied in PDMP-pretreated tobacco, in which significant callose accumulation was observed after challenge inoculation with the TMV vector. Callose accumulation was absent in plants pretreated with both the PDMP and callose synthesis inhibitor, resulting in elimination of PDMP-induced inhibition of TMV spread. Transcripts of the defense-related genes were significantly accumulated after challenge inoculation with TMV in PDMP-pretreated tobacco. Interestingly, PDMP treatment or TMV inoculation alone did neither induce callose deposition, nor enhance the transcript abundance of the defense-related genes, indicating that PDMP was more likely to promote tobacco to a primed state than induce defense responses directly. The primed callose accumulation plays a crucial role in restricting TMV spread in PDMP-pretreated tobacco. The present results provide evidence of PDMP can promote N. benthamiana to a primed state of enhance defense against TMV.

中文翻译：

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处理产黄青霉提取物 (PDMP) 通过引发本氏烟草中的胼胝质沉积来限制烟草花叶病毒的传播

摘要 在识别某些微生物和微生物代谢物/分子后，植物通常会增强抗性。我们研究了 PDMP（产黄青霉干菌丝体的肽提取物）对本氏烟草防御烟草花叶病毒 (TMV) 的影响。带有绿色荧光蛋白基因 (30B:GFP) 的 30B 载体用于监测病毒运动。病毒载体的运动在 PDMP 预处理的烟草中受到限制，其中在用 TMV 载体攻击接种后观察到显着的胼胝质积累。用 PDMP 和胼胝合成抑制剂预处理的植物中不存在胼胝质积累，从而消除了 PDMP 诱导的 TMV 扩散抑制。在 PDMP 预处理的烟草中用 TMV 攻击接种后，防御相关基因的转录本显着积累。有趣的是，单独的 PDMP 处理或 TMV 接种既不会诱导胼胝质沉积，也不会增加防御相关基因的转录丰度，这表明 PDMP 比直接诱导防御反应更有可能促进烟草进入致敏状态。引发的胼胝质积累在限制 PDMP 预处理烟草中的 TMV 传播方面起着至关重要的作用。目前的结果提供了 PDMP 可以促进本氏烟草进入增强对 TMV 防御的准备状态的证据。表明与直接诱导防御反应相比，PDMP 更有可能促进烟草进入致敏状态。引发的胼胝质积累在限制 PDMP 预处理烟草中的 TMV 传播方面起着至关重要的作用。目前的结果提供了 PDMP 可以促进本氏烟草进入增强对 TMV 防御的准备状态的证据。表明与直接诱导防御反应相比，PDMP 更有可能促进烟草进入致敏状态。引发的胼胝质积累在限制 PDMP 预处理烟草中的 TMV 传播方面起着至关重要的作用。目前的结果提供了 PDMP 可以促进本氏烟草进入增强对 TMV 防御的准备状态的证据。