Abstract Dry forest restoration success could be strongly dependent on the re-establishment of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities. AM fungi directly influence growth of a great variety of plant species by increasing nutrient uptake and providing a network of nutrient distribution for the whole plant community. Our study focuses on how different ecological restoration techniques could influence AM fungal communities in restored dry forests in the Brazilian Caatinga. The study was conducted at the National Forest of Acu, northeastern Brazil. AM fungal communities were studied in a restoration experiment studying the effects of litter transposition, irrigation and agroforestry treatments in comparison with a control (no manipulation) and samples collected from a conserved area (Caatinga pristine woodland) and in a regeneration area (herbaceous vegetation). Total abundance of glomerospores, number of viable glomerospores, species richness and species composition of glomerospore communities were compared among all conditions. We also investigated how soil nutrients could relate to the number of viable glomerospores in the restoration treatments. Litter treatment was the most effective in improving the AM fungal communities, showing a higher number of glomerospores than the control treatment. Litter treatment also had a greater species similarity to the conserved area among all treatments. Irrigation lead to an increase in soil salinization, which was related to a decrease in glomerospore abundance. However, in the highly irrigated agroforestry treatment there was an increase in the abundance of viable glomerospores in relation to the control treatment. Organic matter and calcium were positively correlated with the number of viable glomerospores while sodium was negatively related, showing that soil salinity could affect AM fungal community structure. Our study shows that litter transposition and agroforestry treatments are promising techniques to re-establish mycorrhizal communities during dry forest restoration.

中文翻译：

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生态恢复方法对退化旱地丛枝菌根真菌群落结构的影响

摘要 干旱森林恢复成功在很大程度上取决于丛枝菌根 (AM) 真菌群落的重建。AM 真菌通过增加养分吸收并为整个植物群落提供养分分布网络，直接影响多种植物物种的生长。我们的研究侧重于不同的生态恢复技术如何影响巴西卡廷加恢复干燥森林中的 AM 真菌群落。该研究是在巴西东北部的阿库国家森林进行的。AM 真菌群落在研究枯枝落叶影响的恢复实验中进行了研究，灌溉和农林业处理与对照（无操作）和从保护区（卡廷加原始林地）和再生区（草本植被）收集的样本进行比较。在所有条件下比较了球孢子总丰度、活球孢子数量、物种丰富度和球孢子群落的物种组成。我们还研究了土壤养分如何与恢复处理中的活球孢子数量相关。垫料处理在改善 AM 真菌群落方面最有效，显示出比对照处理更多的球孢子。在所有处理中，凋落物处理与保护区的物种相似性也更大。灌溉导致土壤盐渍化增加，这与球孢子丰度的减少有关。然而，在高度灌溉的农林业处理中，与对照处理相比，活球孢子的丰度有所增加。有机质和钙与活球孢子数呈正相关，而钠呈负相关，表明土壤盐分会影响 AM 真菌群落结构。我们的研究表明，枯枝落叶置换和农林业处理是在干旱森林恢复过程中重建菌根群落的有前途的技术。有机质和钙与活球孢子数呈正相关，而钠呈负相关，表明土壤盐分会影响 AM 真菌群落结构。我们的研究表明，枯枝落叶置换和农林业处理是在干旱森林恢复过程中重建菌根群落的有前途的技术。有机质和钙与活球孢子数呈正相关，而钠呈负相关，表明土壤盐分会影响 AM 真菌群落结构。我们的研究表明，凋落物转置和农林业处理是在干旱森林恢复期间重建菌根群落的有前途的技术。