Pure zinc oxide and gallium-doped ZnO films have been deposited on a glass substrate using a sol-gel assisted spin coating technique. The prepared films were characterized by structural, morphological, optical, and the effect of doping is studied. XRD analyses of the films confirm amorphous nature. Raman studies give support to XRD and confirm secondary phases are absent in the film. The AFM images give the grain size, which decreases with an increase in doping concentration from 116 nm to 81 nm. Roughness, Skewness, and Kurtosis factor are varying from 45.694 nm to 29.153 nm 1.085 to 0.453, 3.583 to 2.605, respectively. Kramers-Kronig equations are the most accurate methodology for optical thin-film technology for the calculations of optical linearity and nonlinearity parameters. The bandgap values are decreasing with increasing thickness from 2.97 to 2.79, respectively. The doped films are more transparent compared to the pure ZnO films. The enhancement in the linear optical properties such as refractive index, absorption index, and dielectric constant are also observed with an increase in the doping concentration. The nonlinear optical properties such as χ⁽¹⁾, χ⁽³⁾ and n⁽²⁾ are varying in the range of 0.288 esu to 0.252 esu, 1.1 × 10⁻¹² esu to 7 × 10⁻¹³ esu, 1.92 × 10⁻¹¹ esu to 1.30 × 10⁻¹¹ esu, respectively. The enhancement in optical properties with increasing the doping concentration suggests the present films are useful for various optical device applications.

使用溶胶-凝胶辅助旋涂技术将纯氧化锌和掺杂镓的ZnO薄膜沉积在玻璃基板上。通过结构，形态，光学性质对制备的薄膜进行了表征，并研究了掺杂的影响。膜的XRD分析证实了非晶性质。拉曼研究为XRD提供了支持，并确认胶片中没有第二相。AFM图像给出晶粒尺寸，其随着掺杂浓度从116nm增加到81nm而减小。粗糙度，偏度和峰度因子分别从45.694 nm至29.153 nm 1.085至0.453、3.583至2.605不等。Kramers-Kronig方程是用于光学薄膜技术的最准确的方法，用于计算光学线性和非线性参数。带隙值从2开始随着厚度的增加而减小。97到2.79。与纯ZnO薄膜相比，掺杂薄膜更透明。随着掺杂浓度的增加，还观察到诸如折射率，吸收指数和介电常数的线性光学性质的增强。非线性光学特性如χ ^（1），χ ^（3）和n ^（2）在0.288 esu至0.252 esu，1.1×10 ^-12 esu至7×10 ^-13 esu，1.92×10 ^-11 esu至1.30×10的范围内变化分别为^-11 esu。随着掺杂浓度的增加光学性质的增强表明本发明的膜可用于各种光学器件应用。