Controllable doping of iron (Fe) (3.9–17.8%) in hollow porous silica spheres with highly homogeneous distribution state was achieved successfully by a one-pot hydrothermal synthesis strategy. Based on the observation and analysis by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, nitrogen sorption, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), it was found that molecular Fe species were intercalated into silica framework during the structural transformation of silica to hollow flake-shelled spheres, which leads to both stable fixation with open accessibility of Fe and high surface area of the Fe-doped silica hollow spheres (Fe-SHSs). When used as heterogeneous Fenton catalyst to degrade the dye of Acid orange 7 (AO7), enhanced catalysis performance was exhibited due to the sufficiently exposed active sites and fast mass transport in the system. The optimal catalysis condition was also studied by adjusting Fe-SHSs dosages, oxidant concentrations, and pH values). This work presents an effective strategy for chemical doping of metal components in the silica structures and may also be explored for other supported metal catalyst systems.

通过一锅水热合成策略成功地实现了具有高度均匀分布状态的中空多孔二氧化硅球体中铁（Fe）的可控掺杂（3.9-17.8％）。根据透射电子显微镜（TEM），X射线衍射（XRD），傅立叶变换红外（FT-IR）光谱，氮吸附和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）的观察和分析，发现分子在二氧化硅向空心鳞片状球的结构转变过程中，Fe物种被插入二氧化硅骨架中，这导致稳定的固定和开放的铁可访问性以及掺杂铁的二氧化硅空心球（Fe-SHSs）的高表面积。当用作非均相Fenton催化剂以降解酸性橙7（AO7）的染料时，由于系统中充分暴露的活性位点和快速的质量传输，显示出增强的催化性能。还通过调节Fe-SHSs的剂量，氧化剂浓度和pH值研究了最佳的催化条件。这项工作为化学掺杂二氧化硅结构中的金属成分提供了一种有效的策略，也可以用于其他负载型金属催化剂体系。