Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of Spirulina microalgae was studied over different metal supported (Co, Ni and Fe) on carbon nanotube (CNT) in the presence of different solvents (water, ethanol and methanol) for 30 min Reaction time. Maximum bio-oil yield (43.6 wt%). was found with Co/CNT catalyst at 290 °C under ethanol solvent. The catalytic HTL up-gradation decreased the bio-char yield significantly. However the bio-oil quality significantly improved with using the Co/CNT and Ni/CNT catalyst. Also, improved performance with higher amount of bio-oil and lower amounts of bio-char and gas were achieved, which is due the several reactions are happening during the HTL process. Catalytic HTL also revealed that introducing catalysts accelerates the microalgae macromolecules degradation. Being impregnated by metal, catalysts with improved acid sites and thereby, advanced deoxygenation and hydrogenation activities were achieved. Moreover higher percentage of hydrocarbon was obtained with the catalytic liquefaction of microalgae under ethanol solvent. Elemental analysis showed that during the liquefaction reaction promotes the hydrogenation/hydrodeoxygenation and produced less oxygenates bio-oils.

螺旋藻微藻的水热液化（HTL）在存在不同溶剂（水，乙醇和甲醇）的情况下，在碳纳米管（CNT）上的不同金属负载（Co，Ni和Fe）上研究了30分钟的反应时间。最大生物油产量（43.6 wt％）。在乙醇溶剂中于290°C时用Co / CNT催化剂发现的。催化HTL的升级明显降低了生物炭的收率。但是，使用Co / CNT和Ni / CNT催化剂可以显着提高生物油质量。此外，由于在HTL过程中发生了数种反应，因此通过使用更多量的生物油和更少量的生物炭和气体可以提高性能。催化HTL还显示，引入催化剂会加速微藻类大分子的降解。被金属浸渍，具有改善的酸位的催化剂，从而 实现了先进的脱氧和氢化活性。此外，通过微藻类在乙醇溶剂中的催化液化获得了更高百分比的烃。元素分析表明，在液化反应过程中会促进氢化/加氢脱氧反应，并产生较少的含氧生物油。