An eco-friendly, efficient, and controlled synthesis of gold nanoparticles with application of the aqueous extract of Rosa damascena (Au@RD NPs) without using any other reducing agents was studied. Au@RD NPs of narrow size distribution were characterized by UV–vis and FT-IR spectroscopies, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, particle size analysis, and zeta potential measurements. In vitro stability experiments revealed that the Au@RD NPs were stable for over a year (pH ~ 3.5), proving a significant stabilizing potential of the aqueous RD extract. The high total content of polyphenols, flavonoids, and reducing sugars along with the powerful antioxidant activity of the RD extract was determined by spectroscopic and analytical methods. Colloids prepared from the purified and lyophilized Au@RD NPs (electrokinetic potential of ca. -33 mV) were stable for at least 24 h under terms similar to physiological conditions (pH = 7.4, PBS). The in vitro cytotoxicity of Au@RD NPs was investigated against peripheral blood mononuclear lymphocytes (PBML), acute promyelocytic leukemia (HL60), and human lung adenocarcinoma (A549). Selective cytotoxicity of Au@RD NPs towards cancer cells (HL60, A549) over normal cells (PBML) in vitro was explicitly demonstrated by viability assays. Comet assay revealed a higher level of DNA damages in cancer cells when compared with normal ones. Apoptotic death in cancer cells was proved by measuring caspases activity. Thus, the developed Au@RD NPs, obtained by the plant-mediated green synthesis, are attractive hybrid materials for the medical applications combining two active components – metal nanoparticles platform and plant-derived metabolites.

研究了使用大马士革蔷薇（Au@RD NPs）的水提取物在不使用任何其他还原剂的情况下环保、高效和可控地合成金纳米粒子。具有窄尺寸分布的 Au@RD NPs 通过紫外-可见和 FT-IR 光谱、透射电子显微镜、X 射线粉末衍射、X 射线光电子能谱、粒度分析和 zeta 电位测量进行表征。体外稳定性实验表明，Au@RD NPs 稳定超过一年（pH ~ 3.5），证明水性 RD 提取物具有显着的稳定潜力。多酚、黄酮类化合物和还原糖的高总含量以及 RD 提取物的强大抗氧化活性是通过光谱和分析方法确定的。由纯化和冻干的 Au@RD NPs（大约-33 mV 的电动势）制备的胶体在类似于生理条件（pH = 7.4，PBS）的条件下稳定至少 24 小时。在体外研究了 Au@RD NPs 对外周血单核淋巴细胞 (PBML)、急性早幼粒细胞白血病 (HL60) 和人肺腺癌 (A549) 的细胞毒性。Au@RD NPs在体外对癌细胞（HL60，A549）的选择性细胞毒性超过了正常细胞（PBML），通过活力测定得到了明确证明。彗星试验显示，与正常细胞相比，癌细胞中的 DNA 损伤水平更高。通过测量半胱天冬酶活性证明癌细胞中的细胞凋亡。因此，通过植物介导的绿色合成获得的已开发的 Au@RD NPs 是具有吸引力的医疗应用混合材料，结合了两种活性成分——金属纳米颗粒平台和植物来源的代谢物。