Abstract The hydrogen (δ2H) and oxygen (δ18O) isotopic composition of 45 Polish brands of bottled waters was analysed and evaluated in the context of two areas of its potential application in bottled water industry: (i) the origin authentication, and (ii) the quality monitoring in context of preservation of natural physicochemical parameters and isotopic composition. Three main market categories of bottled waters were analysed: natural mineral waters, spring waters and medicinal waters. The results obtained showed that isotopic composition for domestic bottled waters varied in wide range from −11.0‰ to −0.6‰ for δ18O and from −76.8‰ to −50.2‰ for δ2H. The bottled waters generally preserve the natural isotopic composition of their source of origin and discharge. However, the influence of the bottling process on the natural isotopic composition of water may be observed in relation to medicinal waters of higher salinity and natural CO2 content. The physicochemical parameters and isotopic composition of waters stored in PET-made bottles may change over time indicating deterioration of the water quality. The application of H and O isotopic composition for bottled water brand authentication among natural mineral waters and spring waters is very limited due to similar climatic factors controlling formation of meteoric groundwaters in hydrogeological systems in local or global scale. However, it is possible to differentiate and authenticate bottled waters which have specific isotopic composition resulting from unique origin connected first of all with geological factors like water-rock interaction or admixture of water of non-meteoric origin. Among Polish brands of bottled waters such unique H and O isotopic composition is associated usually with some medicinal waters.

中文翻译：

---

波兰瓶装水的稳定氢氧同位素组成：不同市场类别背景下的表征以及对原产地认证和天然同位素质量保存的影响

摘要 分析和评估了 45 个波兰品牌瓶装水的氢 (δ2H) 和氧 (δ18O) 同位素组成，分析和评估了其在瓶装水行业的两个潜在应用领域：(i) 原产地认证；(ii)在保存天然物理化学参数和同位素组成的背景下进行质量监测。分析了瓶装水的三个主要市场类别：天然矿泉水、泉水和药用水。获得的结果表明，家用瓶装水的同位素组成在δ18O 的-11.0‰ 至-0.6‰ 和δ2H 的-76.8‰ 至-50.2‰ 的范围内变化。瓶装水通常保留其来源和排放源的天然同位素组成。然而，可以观察到装瓶过程对水的天然同位素组成的影响与更高盐度和天然 CO2 含量的药用水有关。储存在 PET 制成的瓶子中的水的物理化学参数和同位素组成可能会随着时间的推移而发生变化，这表明水质正在恶化。由于相似的气候因素控制着当地或全球范围内水文地质系统中大气地下水的形成，因此 H 和 O 同位素组成在天然矿泉水和泉水中的瓶装水品牌认证中的应用非常有限。然而，有可能区分和鉴定具有特定同位素组成的瓶装水，这些瓶装水具有独特的来源，首先与地质因素有关，如水-岩相互作用或非陨石来源的水的混合物。在波兰瓶装水品牌中，这种独特的 H 和 O 同位素组成通常与一些药用水有关。