Probiotics, such as Bacillus licheniformis (BL) and some trace minerals, such as Copper, (supplied via Tribasic Cu Chloride; TBCC) have been explored singularly in the literature for use in antibiotic-free poultry production. However, these additives are often applied in combination, without much peer-reviewed research conducted on their interactive effects. Therefore, the objective was to examine the individual and interactive effects of supplementing commercially available BL (Yes or No) and TBCC (0, 125, or 250 ppm) within an all-vegetable diet on d 0-42 male broiler performance. Interactions between BL x TBCC were established for d 18-30 BW gain (BWG) and d 0-30 FI/bird (FI). For BWG, 125 ppm TBCC maximized gain, while including BL+TBCC decreased gain. For d 0-30 FI, feeding TBCC alone increased FI, while inclusions of BL+TBCC decreased FI; from d 0-30, regardless of FI, FCR was not affected. For d 30-42 BWG, broilers receiving 250 ppm TBCC had the highest BWG, while broilers fed all other TBCC inclusions performed similarly. On d 42, 5 birds/treatment were randomly selected for cecal tonsil sampling to determine the presence of Salmonella or E. coli. While Salmonella was not detected, birds fed diets containing TBCC had less E. coli as compared to birds fed diets without TBCC; BL had no effect on E. coli. Overall, no significant overall performance differences were found. However, the observed intermittent BL x TBCC interactions demonstrate their combined use may negatively affect performance, warranting further research to ensure they and other combined antibiotic alternatives do not have antagonistic effects.

益生菌，如地衣芽孢杆菌（BL）和一些微量矿物质（例如铜）（由Tribasic Cu Chloride供应； TBCC）已在文献中单独进行了研究，用于无抗生素的家禽生产。但是，这些添加剂通常结合使用，而没有对其交互作用进行过很多同行评审的研究。因此，目的是研究在全蔬菜饮食中补充市售BL（是或否）和TBCC（0、125或250 ppm）对d 0-42雄性肉鸡生产性能的个体和交互作用。建立了BL x TBCC之间的相互作用，以获取d 18-30 BW增益（BWG）和d 0-30 FI / bird（FI）。对于BWG，125 ppm TBCC可使增益最大化，而BL + TBCC则使增益降低。对于d 0-30 FI，单独饲喂TBCC可以提高FI，而BL + TBCC的夹杂物可以降低FI。从d 0-30开始，无论FI如何，FCR不受影响。对于d 30-42 BWG，接受250 ppm TBCC的肉鸡的BWG最高，而饲喂所有其他TBCC夹杂物的肉鸡的表现相似。在第42天，随机选择5只禽/处理来进行盲肠扁桃体采样，以确定是否存在沙门氏菌或大肠杆菌。虽然未检出沙门氏菌，但饲喂含TBCC的禽类的大肠杆菌比饲喂不含TBCC的禽类的大肠杆菌少。BL对大肠杆菌无影响。总体而言，未发现明显的总体性能差异。但是，观察到的间歇性BL x TBCC相互作用表明，它们的联合使用可能会对性能产生负面影响，因此有待进一步研究，以确保它们和其他组合的抗生素替代品不具有拮抗作用。