Dry granular systems respond to shear by a process of self-organization that is nonlocal in nature. This study reveals the interplay between the topological, kinematical and force signature of this process during shear banding in an sample of angular sand. Using Level-Set Discrete Element simulations of an in-situ triaxial compression experiment, and complex networks techniques, we identify communities of similar topology (cycles), kinematics (vortex clusters) and kinetics (force chains), and study their cooperative evolution. We conclude by discussing the implications of our observations for continuum modeling, including the identification of mesoscale order parameters, and the development of nonaffine kinematics models.

干颗粒系统通过自然界外的自组织过程对剪切做出响应。这项研究揭示了在角砂样品的剪切带作用期间，此过程的拓扑，运动学和力特征之间的相互作用。使用原位三轴压缩实验的水平集离散元素模拟和复杂的网络技术，我们识别出具有相似拓扑（循环），运动学（涡团）和动力学（力链）的群落，并研究它们的协同演化。最后，我们讨论了观测值对连续模型的影响，包括中尺度阶次参数的识别以及非仿射运动学模型的发展。