Abstract To enhance the nitrogen use efficiency and minimize the use of petrochemical products in coated urea while control the release rate, a novel bio-based coated urea (BCU) was developed using liquefied spent mushroom substrate derived polyurethane. Both nano-SiO2 and 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (FAS) were used to modify the BCU to prepare a hydrophobic BCU (SBCU) for improving the water resistant and N release properties. Chemical composition and morphological properties were determined to explain the formation mechanism of the hydrophobic structures. Water absorption and water contact angles (WCAs) were used to evaluate the hydrophobic performance of the coated shells. The nutrient release experiments in water and soil were also conducted to explore the nutrient release characters of the coated urea. The results showed that nano-SiO2 and FAS modified bio-based polyurethane coated urea was successfully fabricated with better release characters. Nutrient released longevity of SBCU reached more than 28 days while that of BCU was only about 5 days. Therefore, findings from this work not only demonstrated the synthesis and application of bio-based petrochemical materials for coated urea but also showed the great potential of a sustainable development of industry for spent mushroom substrate in modern agriculture.

中文翻译：

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疏水改性可持续生物基聚氨酯用于包衣尿素的可控释放

摘要 为了在控制释放速率的同时提高氮的利用效率并尽量减少石化产品在包衣尿素中的使用，利用液化废蘑菇基质衍生的聚氨酯开发了一种新型生物基包衣尿素（BCU）。纳米SiO2和1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷（FAS）均用于改性BCU以制备疏水性BCU（SBCU），以提高耐水性和N释放性能。化学成分和形态特性被确定以解释疏水结构的形成机制。吸水率和水接触角 (WCA) 用于评估涂层外壳的疏水性能。还进行了水体和土壤养分释放实验，探讨了包膜尿素的养分释放特性。结果表明，纳米SiO2和FAS改性的生物基聚氨酯包覆尿素成功制备，具有更好的释放特性。SBCU的营养释放寿命达到了28天以上，而BCU的只有5天左右。因此，这项工作的发现不仅证明了用于包衣尿素的生物基石化材料的合成和应用，而且表明了蘑菇废基质工业在现代农业中可持续发展的巨大潜力。