Precision medicine is a field with huge potential for improving a patient’s quality of life, wherein therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) can provide actionable insights. More importantly, incorrect drug dose is a common contributor to medical errors. However, current TDM practice is time-consuming and expensive, and requires specialised technicians. One solution is to use electrochemical biosensors (ECBs), which are inexpensive, portable, and highly sensitive. In this review, we explore the potential for ECBs as a technology for on-demand drug monitoring, including microneedles, continuous monitoring, synthetic biorecognition elements, and multi-material electrodes. We also highlight emerging strategies to achieve continuous drug monitoring, and conclude by appraising recent developments and providing an outlook for the field.

精准医学是一个在改善患者生活质量方面具有巨大潜力的领域，其中治疗药物监测 (TDM) 可以提供可操作的见解。更重要的是，不正确的药物剂量是导致医疗错误的常见原因。然而，目前的 TDM 实践既耗时又昂贵，并且需要专门的技术人员。一种解决方案是使用电化学生物传感器 (ECB)，其价格低廉、便于携带且高度灵敏。在这篇综述中，我们探索了 ECB 作为按需药物监测技术的潜力，包括微针、连续监测、合成生物识别元件和多材料电极。我们还强调了实现持续药物监测的新兴策略，并通过评估最近的发展并提供该领域的前景来总结。