Abstract Blockchain is a distributed, decentralized public ledger that has gained massive momentum recently. Currently, security services such as privacy, confidentiality, resource provenance, access control, authentication and integrity assurance are managed by centralized controllers. However, this centralization faces numerous security and privacy challenges. Blockchain solve such challenges as it helps to create an attack resistant, digital data storage as well as sharing platform by employing linked block structures for data verification and trusted consensus mechanism for data synchronization. The goals of this paper are to provide an in-depth survey of blockchain technology, to provide insights into the blockchain security threats, to highlight the privacy necessities for current applications, to outline their challenges and give an insight on how these challenges can be resolved by the blockchain technology. Furthermore, we summarize the future research challenges associated with the usage of blockchain based security services to spur further investigation in this field.

中文翻译：

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解开区块链技术：对最新技术、安全威胁、隐私服务、应用和未来研究方向的调查

摘要 区块链是一种分布式、去中心化的公共分类账，最近获得了巨大的发展。目前，隐私、机密性、资源来源、访问控制、身份验证和完整性保证等安全服务由集中控制器管理。然而，这种集中化面临着许多安全和隐私挑战。区块链解决了这些挑战，因为它通过使用链接的块结构进行数据验证和用于数据同步的可信共识机制，帮助创建一个抗攻击的数字数据存储和共享平台。本文的目标是提供对区块链技术的深入调查，提供对区块链安全威胁的见解，突出当前应用程序的隐私必要性，概述他们的挑战，并深入了解区块链技术如何解决这些挑战。此外，我们总结了与使用基于区块链的安全服务相关的未来研究挑战，以促进该领域的进一步研究。