The issues of antibiotics and corresponding resistance genes (ARGs) have attracted public attention due to their environmental destructiveness. Herein, the response of the anammox process to the typical antibiotics streptomycin (STM) and spiramycin (SPM) was systematically explored. In terms of process performance, the anammox system was highly resistant to STM (50 mg L^-1), while 3 mg L^-1 SPM led to a significant inhibition. Exposure to STM resulted in the selective cultivation of Candidatus Kuenenia, while SPM significantly reduced its abundance. In addition, the relative abundance of bacteria belonging to Chloroflexi increased significantly during the SPM feeding phase, implying its potential resistance. The intI1 and corresponding ARGs (STM resistance genes: aadA, aadB, and aph3ib; SPM resistance genes: ereA, ermF and mphA) generally increased under stress from antibiotics. Co-occurrence network analysis showed that the collaboration among multiple ARGs might be the strategy used to relieve STM stress in the anammox system. This study systematically revealed the response of the anammox process to successive exposure to STM and SPM, and provides guidance for the treatment of wastewater multiple antibiotics containing.

由于其环境破坏性，抗生素和相应的抗性基因（ARG）问题引起了公众的关注。在本文中，系统地研究了厌氧氨氧化过程对典型抗生素链霉素（STM）和螺旋霉素（SPM）的反应。就工艺性能而言，厌氧氨氧化系统对STM（50 mg L ^-1）具有很高的抵抗力，而3 mg L ^-1 SPM则具有显着的抑制作用。暴露于STM导致选择性种植Candidatus Kuenenia，而SPM大大降低了其丰度。此外，在SPM进食阶段，属于屈挠弯曲菌的细菌的相对丰度显着增加，这表明其潜在的抗性。该INTI1和对应的ARG（STM抗性基因：AAD A，AAD B，和APH 3ib; SPM抗性基因：ERE A，ERM F和英里A）通常在应力下从抗生素增加。共现网络分析表明，多个ARG之间的协作可能是缓解厌氧氨氧化系统中STM压力的策略。这项研究系统地揭示了厌氧氨氧化工艺对连续接触STM和SPM的反应，并为处理含多种抗生素的废水提供了指导。