Flash butt weld process parameters determine the weld quality. The presence of weld defects due to inappropriate process parameters leads to entrapment of oxides in the weld causes premature failure. It was also observed that the flash butt process parameter is dependent on the chemistry of the steel that is processed. The high weight percentage of Mn and Si leads to a higher weight fraction of the oxides during welding. Altering the flashing length and upset length leads to the elimination of weld defects achieving full joint strength. Thermodynamic calculations predict the oxides to be primarily FeO, Fe₂O₃ (hematite), and SiO₂ (cristobalite) along with the presence of MnO, Mn₂O₃, and Cr₂O₃. The presence of Mn, Al, and Ti in the oxides at the fractured surface is correlated with the chemical potential of these elements in the liquid steel. It can be inferred from the modeling and experimental results that with an increase in temperature, a more liquid slag phase is formed as compared to solid oxides. Slag is less viscous and can be easily extruded during the upsetting stage as opposed to solid inclusion which can be trapped during the welding operation.

闪光对焊工艺参数决定了焊接质量。由于工艺参数不合适而导致的焊缝缺陷会导致氧化物夹带在焊缝中，从而导致过早失效。还观察到，闪光对接工艺参数取决于所加工钢的化学性质。锰和硅的高重量百分比导致焊接期间氧化物的重量分数更高。改变毛刺长度和up锻长度可以消除焊接缺陷，从而获得充分的接头强度。热力学计算预测氧化物主要为FeO，Fe ₂ O ₃（赤铁矿）和SiO ₂（方石英）以及MnO，Mn ₂ O ₃和Cr _2的存在O ₃。断裂表面的氧化物中Mn，Al和Ti的存在与液态钢中这些元素的化学势相关。从模型和实验结果可以推断，与固体氧化物相比，随着温度的升高，形成更多的液态炉渣相。与在焊接操作过程中可能被夹杂的固体夹杂物不同，炉渣的粘性较小，在the锻阶段很容易挤出。