The proposal for the development of a nuclear optical clock has triggered a multitude of experimental and theoretical studies. In particular the prediction of an unprecedented systematic frequency uncertainty of about \(10^{-19}\) has rendered a nuclear clock an interesting tool for many applications, potentially even for a re-definition of the second. The focus of the corresponding research is a nuclear transition of the \(^{229}\)Th nucleus, which possesses a uniquely low nuclear excitation energy of only \(8.12\pm 0.11\) eV (\(152.7\pm 2.1\) nm). This energy is sufficiently low to allow for nuclear laser spectroscopy, an inherent requirement for a nuclear clock. Recently, some significant progress toward the development of a nuclear frequency standard has been made and by today there is no doubt that a nuclear clock will become reality, most likely not even in the too far future. Here we present a comprehensive review of the current status of nuclear clock development with the objective of providing a rather complete list of literature related to the topic, which could serve as a reference for future investigations.

研制核光钟的提议引发了许多实验和理论研究。特别地，对前所未有的系统频率不确定性\（10 ^ {-19} \）的预测已使核钟成为许多应用中的有趣工具，甚至有可能重新定义秒。相应研究的重点是\（^ {229} \） Th核的核跃迁，该核具有唯一的\（8.12 \ pm 0.11 \） eV（\（152.7 \ pm 2.1 \ ） nm）。该能量足够低，以允许进行核激光光谱，这是核钟固有的要求。最近，在发展核频率标准方面取得了一些重大进展，到今天，毫无疑问，核钟将成为现实，很可能甚至在不久的将来也不会成为现实。在这里，我们对核时钟发展的现状进行了全面的回顾，目的是提供与该主题相关的相当完整的文献清单，为将来的研究提供参考。