Coatings of (Ti, Cr)B2–NiAlCr cermet materials were deposited on structural steel substrates by detonation spraying. The optimal spray conditions depending on the ratio of structural components were determined for the materials developed. The effect exerted on the coating microstructure and composition by the content of refractory and metal components in the sprayed material was examined. A heterophase lamellar microstructure with the phases being distributed quite uniformly was formed. Coatings from materials with a greater content of the metal component have more uniform phase distribution, which largely depends on the process characteristics of the powders. The NiAlCr alloy-base powders have three to four times higher flowability than the (Ti, Cr)B2-base powders, promoting more stable powder supply and spray process as a whole. The coatings thus show higher density and more uniform phase distribution. Various coating structures were analyzed: without a sublayer, with a NiCr detonation-sprayed sublayer, and with an electrospark-deposited sublayer produced from the same material as used for the main coating. The resultant coatings have high-quality adhesive contact with the substrate, both with and without a NiCr detonation sublayer, and their thicknesses can reach 0.8–1 mm. When an electrospark-deposited sublayer with a high (Ti, Cr)B2 content was used, cracks were found at the coating–sublayer interfaces. This is due to higher hardness and lower ductility of the sublayer under the action of accelerated spray particles. Preliminary surface treatment by spraying different types of sublayers hardly influences the microstructure of the coatings and the quality of their contact with the substrate.

中文翻译：

---

(Ti, Cr)B2–NiAlCr 复合材料的爆炸喷涂涂层 I. 沉积技术和涂层的组成和微观结构

(Ti, Cr)B2-NiAlCr 金属陶瓷材料涂层通过爆炸喷涂沉积在结构钢基材上。为开发的材料确定取决于结构组分比例的最佳喷涂条件。检查了喷涂材料中耐火材料和金属成分的含量对涂层微观结构和成分的影响。形成了相分布相当均匀的异相层状显微组织。由金属成分含量较高的材料制成的涂层具有更均匀的相分布，这在很大程度上取决于粉末的工艺特性。NiAlCr 合金基粉末的流动性比 (Ti, Cr)B2 基粉末高 3 到 4 倍，从整体上促进了更稳定的粉末供应和喷涂过程。因此，涂层显示出更高的密度和更均匀的相分布。分析了各种涂层结构：没有亚层，有 NiCr 爆炸喷涂亚层，以及由与主涂层相同的材料制成的电火花沉积亚层。由此产生的涂层与基材具有高质量的粘合剂接触，无论有没有 NiCr 爆炸亚层，它们的厚度都可以达到 0.8-1 毫米。当使用具有高 (Ti, Cr)B2 含量的电火花沉积亚层时，在涂层-亚层界面处发现裂纹。这是由于在加速喷雾颗粒的作用下，次层具有更高的硬度和更低的延展性。