Novel strategies have been developed to comply with Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) regulations to provide the same performances for antibacterial and antifungal materials. The strategy for producing composite materials by attenuating the silver (Ag) content and a one-step production technique without minimizing the antibacterial and antifungal performance was developed. In this study, attenuated spherical Ag containing spherical AgCu/ZnO nanocomposite particles have been synthesized from an aqueous solution of silver nitrate (AgNO3), copper nitrate (Cu(NO3)2 · 3H2O), and zinc nitrate (Zn(NO3)2 · 7H2O) by a facile one-step ultrasonic spray pyrolysis and hydrogen reduction (USP-HR) method. Characterization of AgCu/ZnO nanocomposite particles was carried out by various techniques such as X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The structural analysis showed that AgCu/ZnO nanocomposites were composed of face-centered cubic Ag, face-centered cubic Cu, and hexagonal ZnO phases. Antibacterial and antifungal properties of nanocomposite particles against Escherichia coli and Aspergillus niger were investigated by agar medium and broth medium methods. The obtained results indicate that produced nanocomposite particles possess antibacterial and antifungal properties (100%). The attenuated Ag in the AgCu/ZnO nanocomposite particles has the usage potential in different areas of the textile industry. In particular, the research on utilizing this nanocomposite in hand-made fiber production as an additive is of very high interest.

中文翻译：

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一步生产减毒含银 AgCu/ZnO 抗菌-抗真菌纳米复合颗粒的新策略

已开发出新的策略以符合化学品注册、评估、授权和限制 (REACH) 法规，从而为抗菌和抗真菌材料提供相同的性能。开发了通过降低银 (Ag) 含量和一步生产技术来生产复合材料的策略，而不会最大限度地降低抗菌和抗真菌性能。在这项研究中，由硝酸银 (AgNO3)、硝酸铜 (Cu(NO3)2 · 3H2O) 和硝酸锌 (Zn(NO3)2 · 7H2O) 通过简便的一步超声喷雾热解和氢还原 (USP-HR) 方法。AgCu/ZnO 纳米复合颗粒的表征通过各种技术进行，例如 X 射线衍射分析 (XRD)、扫描电子显微镜 (FEG-SEM)、能量色散光谱 (EDS) 和透射电子显微镜 (TEM)。结构分析表明AgCu/ZnO纳米复合材料由面心立方Ag、面心立方Cu和六方ZnO相组成。通过琼脂培养基和肉汤培养基方法研究了纳米复合颗粒对大肠杆菌和黑曲霉的抗菌和抗真菌特性。所得结果表明，所生产的纳米复合颗粒具有抗菌和抗真菌特性（100%）。AgCu/ZnO 纳米复合颗粒中的衰减 Ag 在纺织工业的不同领域具有使用潜力。特别是，