Purpose of Review

We explored themes in recent post-stroke dysphagia literature, focusing on the following questions: (1) What does post-stroke dysphagia look like?; (2) Who gets post-stroke dysphagia?; (3) What are the consequences of post-stroke dysphagia?; and (4) How can we improve treatment of post-stroke dysphagia?

Recent Findings

There have been several improvements in quantitative descriptions of swallowing physiology using standard and new evaluation techniques. These descriptions have been correlated with lesion locations, and several factors can predict development of post-stroke dysphagia and its sequelae. Novel treatment paradigms have leveraged post-stroke neuroplastic improvements using neurostimulation and biofeedback techniques. Despite recent findings, the field is limited by lack of standardization and unanswered questions on rehabilitation variables.

Summary

Our improved understanding of post-stroke dysphagia will enhance our ability to prevent, identify, and treat it. Future work should be grounded in swallowing physiology and continue refining treatments, particularly in the acute stage.

中文翻译：

---

中风后吞咽困难：最近的见解和未回答的问题

审查目的

我们探讨了最近中风后吞咽困难文献中的主题，重点关注以下问题：（1）中风后吞咽困难是什么样的？(2) 谁会出现脑卒中后吞咽困难？（3）脑卒中后吞咽困难的后果是什么？（4）如何改善卒中后吞咽困难的治疗？

最近的发现

使用标准和新的评估技术对吞咽生理学的定量描述已经有了一些改进。这些描述与病变位置相关，并且有几个因素可以预测中风后吞咽困难及其后遗症的发展。新的治疗范式利用神经刺激和生物反馈技术改善了中风后的神经可塑性。尽管最近有发现，但该领域仍受到缺乏标准化和康复变量未解决问题的限制。

概括

我们对中风后吞咽困难的更好理解将增强我们预防、识别和治疗它的能力。未来的工作应该以吞咽生理学为基础，并继续完善治疗，特别是在急性期。