This study investigated the effects of substitution of whole corn silage (WCS) with Broussonetia papyrifera silage (BPS) in different ratios on the serum indicators, hindgut fermentation parameters (pH, ammoniacal nitrogen, and volatile fatty acids), and fecal bacterial community of Holstein heifers. Sixteen heifers (8-month-old, 220 ± 30 kg) were randomly divided into four treatments according to different BPS substitution ratios of feed basis (0%, 25%, 50%, and 75%). The experiment consisted of a 7-day preliminary feeding period and a 30-day experimental period. On the last day of the trial, the blood samples were collected from caudal vein, and the feces samples were collected from rectum. With the increasing of BPS content, the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in serum decreased (P < 0.05), and the immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IL-4 content of serum increased (P < 0.05); and the hindgut pH value increased (P < 0.05). 16S rRNA sequencing found that the dominant phyla were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Verrucomicrobia; and the dominant genera were Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-010, and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group. Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis found 12 differential operational taxonomic units (OTUs) which have strong correlation with some serum and hindgut indicators, and have the potential to be used as biomarkers. Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) found that BPS have impacts on the pathways, such as carbohydrate transport and metabolism, and promotes amino acid transport and metabolism. To sum up, inclusion of BPS in heifer diets can affect serum anti-oxidant and immune indicators, fecal parameters, composition and function of fecal microorganisms in Holstein heifers.

这项研究调查了用毕氏布鲁氏菌替代整个玉米青贮饲料（WCS）的影响青贮饲料（BPS）的血清指标，后肠发酵参数（pH，氨氮和挥发性脂肪酸）和荷斯坦小母牛粪便细菌群落的比例不同。根据饲料基础的BPS替代比例（0％，25％，50％和75％），将16个小母牛（8个月大，220±30千克）随机分为4种处理。该实验包括7天的初步喂养期和30天的实验期。试验的最后一天，从尾静脉采集血液样本，从直肠采集粪便样本。随着BPS含量的增加，血清中丙二醛（MDA）和白介素1β（IL-1β）的浓度降低（P  <0.05），并且血清中免疫球蛋白A（IgA）和IL-4的浓度升高（P <0.05）; 后肠pH值升高（P  <0.05）。16S rRNA测序发现优势种为Firmicutes，Bacteroidetes和Verrucomicrobia ; 优势属为Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005，Ruminococcaceae_UCG -010和Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group。线性判别分析效应量（LEfSe）分析发现了12种不同的操作分类单位（OTU），它们与某些血清和后肠指标有很强的相关性，并且有可能被用作生物标记。通过观察不到国家的重建进行的系统进化研究（PICRUSt）发现，BPS对诸如碳水化合物的运输和代谢等途径产生影响，并促进氨基酸的运输和代谢。综上所述，在小母牛日粮中添加BPS会影响荷斯坦小母牛的血清抗氧化和免疫指标，粪便参数，粪便微生物的组成和功能。